Zielińska Monika A, Białecka Agata, Pietruszka Barbara, Hamułka Jadwiga
Katedra Żywienia Człowieka, Wydział Nauk o Żywieniu Człowieka i Konsumpcji, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie.
Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2017 Apr 12;71(0):267-280. doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.3812.
The phenomenon of population aging is not only associated with an increase in the number and proportion of older people in society, but also with an increase in the incidence of cognitive impairment. This can impair the functioning of the elderly in everyday life, work and social life participation and impair their quality of life. Hence, it is important to identify the protective factors. Neurodegenerative changes are closely linked to inflammatory processes and oxidative stress. Diet is of great importance, with particular attention being paid to the adequate intake of fruits and vegetables, due to their proven health benefits. This may be correlated to the protective effect of the bioactive substances that are present in fruits and vegetables, in particular flavonoids and carotenoids. The elderly who consume 5 servings a day of fruits and vegetables have a higher antioxidant capacity of blood serum, while the risk of chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative and mortality rates are lower. The analysis included the results of 16 published epidemiological studies, including people aged 65+. Their results are discussed in 4 fields of the effects on cognitive function (1) fruit and vegetable intake; (2) flavonoids intake; (3) carotenoid nutritional status; (4) mechanism of action of plant bioactive substances. It has been found that the positive effects of consumption of fruits and vegetables may be associated with cognitive functions in the three possible areas, ie.: (1) improvement in cognitive testing; (2) delaying or preventing age-related deterioration of cognitive decline; (3) reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
人口老龄化现象不仅与社会中老年人数量和比例的增加有关，还与认知障碍发病率的上升有关。这会损害老年人在日常生活、工作和社会生活参与方面的功能，并损害他们的生活质量。因此，识别保护因素很重要。神经退行性变化与炎症过程和氧化应激密切相关。饮食非常重要，尤其要注意水果和蔬菜的充足摄入，因为它们已被证明对健康有益。这可能与水果和蔬菜中存在的生物活性物质的保护作用有关，特别是黄酮类化合物和类胡萝卜素。每天食用5份水果和蔬菜的老年人血清抗氧化能力更高，而包括神经退行性疾病在内的慢性病风险和死亡率更低。该分析纳入了16项已发表的流行病学研究结果，研究对象包括65岁及以上的人群。其结果在对认知功能影响的4个领域进行了讨论：（1）水果和蔬菜摄入量；（2）黄酮类化合物摄入量；（3）类胡萝卜素营养状况；（4）植物生物活性物质的作用机制。研究发现，食用水果和蔬菜的积极作用可能与三个可能领域的认知功能有关，即：（1）认知测试的改善；（2）延缓或预防与年龄相关的认知衰退恶化；（3）降低神经退行性疾病的风险。
