Aung Win Pa Pa, Htoon Thi Thi, Tin Htay Htay, Thinn Kyi Kyi, Sanpool Oranuch, Jongthawin Jurairat, Sadaow Lakkhana, Phosuk Issarapong, Rodpai Rutchanee, Intapan Pewpan M, Maleewong Wanchai
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine 2, Ministry of Health and Sport, Yangon, Myanmar.
PLoS One. 2017 May 4;12(5):e0177130. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177130. eCollection 2017.
Opisthorchis viverrini is endemic in the South East Asian region, especially in Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Vietnam and Thailand, but there have been no previous records from Myanmar. During stool surveys of rural populations in three regions of Lower Myanmar, Opisthorchis-like eggs were found in 34 out of 364 (9.3%) participants by stool microscopy after using the modified formalin-ether concentration technique. DNA was extracted from these positive stool samples and a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced. DNA sequences, successfully obtained from 18 of 34 positive samples (Bago Region, n = 13; Mon State, n = 3; Yangon Region, n = 2), confirmed that the eggs were of O. viverrini. Sequences showed 99.7% identity with O. viverrini mitochondrial cox1 (GenBank accession no. JF739555) but 95%, 88.7%, 82.6% and 81.4% identities with those of Opisthorchis lobatus from Lao People's Democratic Republic (GenBank accession nos. HQ328539-HQ328541), Metorchis orientalis from China (KT239342), Clonorchis sinensis from China (JF729303) and Opisthorchis felineus from Russia (EU921260), respectively. When alignement with other Opisthorchiidae trematodes, 81% similarity with Metorchis bilis from Czech Republic (GenBank accession nos. KT740966, KT740969, KT740970) and Slovakia (GenBank accession nos. KT740971-KT740973), 84.6% similarity with Metorchis xanthosomus from Czech Republic (GenBank accession no. KT740974), 78.6% similarity with M. xanthosomus from Poland (GenBank accession no. KT740968) and 82.2% similarity with Euamphimerus pancreaticus from Czech Republic (GenBank accession no. KT740975) were revealed. This study demonstrated, for the first time, O. viverrini from rural people in Myanmar using molecular methods and is an urgent call for surveillance and control activities against opisthorchiasis in Myanmar.
麝猫后睾吸虫在东南亚地区为地方性流行，尤其是在柬埔寨、老挝人民民主共和国、越南和泰国，但此前缅甸并无相关记录。在缅甸下缅甸三个地区对农村人口进行粪便调查期间，采用改良的福尔马林-乙醚浓缩技术后，通过粪便显微镜检查在364名参与者中的34名（9.3%）发现了类似麝猫后睾吸虫的虫卵。从这些阳性粪便样本中提取DNA，并使用聚合酶链反应扩增线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I（cox1）基因的一部分，然后进行测序。从34个阳性样本中的18个成功获得了DNA序列（勃固地区，n = 13；孟邦，n = 3；仰光地区，n = 2），证实这些虫卵为麝猫后睾吸虫的虫卵。序列显示与麝猫后睾吸虫线粒体cox1有99.7%的同一性（GenBank登录号：JF739555），但与来自老挝人民民主共和国的叶氏后睾吸虫（GenBank登录号：HQ328539 - HQ328541）、来自中国的东方次睾吸虫（KT239342）、来自中国的华支睾吸虫（JF729303）和来自俄罗斯的猫后睾吸虫（EU921260）的同一性分别为95%、88.7%、82.6%和81.4%。当与其他后睾科吸虫进行比对时，与来自捷克共和国（GenBank登录号：KT740966、KT740969、KT740970）和斯洛伐克（GenBank登录号：KT740971 - KT740973）的胆汁次睾吸虫有81%的相似性，与来自捷克共和国的黄色次睾吸虫（GenBank登录号：KT740974）有84.6%的相似性，与来自波兰的黄色次睾吸虫（GenBank登录号：KT740968）有78.6%的相似性，与来自捷克共和国的胰管真双盘吸虫（GenBank登录号：KT740975）有82.2%的相似性。本研究首次使用分子方法证实了缅甸农村人口感染麝猫后睾吸虫，这迫切呼吁在缅甸开展针对后睾吸虫病的监测和控制活动。
