Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
Rev Med Virol. 2017 Jul;27(4). doi: 10.1002/rmv.1932. Epub 2017 May 8.
Orf virus (ORFV) is an important pathogen responsible for a highly contagious zoonotic viral infection that threatens those who handle sheep and goats. Orf virus is the prototype of the Parapoxvirus genus, and its resilience in the environment and ability to reinfect its host has contributed to the spread and maintenance of the infection in many species. In healthy humans, the disease usually resolves spontaneously within 3 to 6 weeks. There is no specific treatment and many different approaches such as use of imiquimod, cidofovir, curettage, shave excision, cryotherapy, and electrocautery have all been reported to be successful, without supporting evidence from controlled clinical trials. Throughout its interaction with the different hosts, ORFV has evolved a strategy for immune evasion via the development of an array of virulence factors. The interaction of ORFV with the immune system has been the subject of research for decades. Whole inactivated ORFV has been used as a type of immunomodulating drug; a so called paramunity inducer proposed as both a preventative and a therapeutic immunomodulator across various species. Additional research on the remarkable strategies underlying ORFV infection could lead to improved understanding of skin immunity.
口疮病毒（ORFV）是一种重要的病原体，可导致高度传染性的人畜共患病毒性感染，对处理绵羊和山羊的人构成威胁。口疮病毒是副痘病毒属的原型，其在环境中的弹性和重新感染宿主的能力导致该感染在许多物种中传播和维持。在健康人群中，该疾病通常在 3 至 6 周内自发消退。目前尚无特异性治疗方法，咪喹莫特、西多福韦、刮除术、 shave excision、冷冻疗法和电灼术等多种不同方法已被报道是有效的，但缺乏对照临床试验的支持证据。在与不同宿主的相互作用过程中，ORFV 通过开发一系列毒力因子，形成了一种免疫逃避策略。ORFV 与免疫系统的相互作用已成为研究数十年的课题。全灭活 ORFV 已被用作一种免疫调节药物；一种所谓的“paramunity 诱导剂”，被提议作为预防和治疗免疫调节剂，适用于多种物种。对 ORFV 感染的显著策略的进一步研究，可能有助于提高对皮肤免疫的理解。
