Bakhtsiyarava Maryia, Nawrotzki Raphael J
University of Minnesota, Department of Geography, Environment and Society & Minnesota Population Center 225 19th Avenue South, 50 Willey Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
University of Minnesota & Minnesota Population Center, 225 19th Avenue South, 50 Willey Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Appl Geogr. 2017 Apr;81:60-69. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2017.02.013. Epub 2017 Mar 3.
Environmental inequality scholarship has paid little attention to the disproportional exposure of immigrants in the United States (U.S.) to unfavorable environmental conditions. This study investigates whether new international migrants in the U.S. are exposed to environmental hazards and how this pattern varies among immigrant subpopulations (e.g., Hispanics, Asian, European). We combine sociodemographic information from the American Community Survey with toxicity-weighted chemical concentrations (Toxics Release Inventory) to model the relationship between toxin exposure and the relative population of recent immigrants across Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMAs, n=2,054) during 2005-2011. Results from spatial panel models show that immigrants tend to be less exposed to toxins, suggesting resilience instead of vulnerability. This pattern was pronounced among immigrants from Europe and Latin America (excluding Mexico). However, our results revealed that Mexican immigrants are disproportionately exposed to environmental hazards in wealthy regions.
环境不平等研究很少关注美国移民不成比例地暴露于不利环境条件的情况。本研究调查了美国新的国际移民是否面临环境危害，以及这种模式在移民亚群体（如西班牙裔、亚裔、欧洲裔）之间如何变化。我们将美国社区调查中的社会人口信息与毒性加权化学浓度（有毒物质排放清单）相结合，以模拟2005 - 2011年期间公共使用微观数据区域（PUMAs，n = 2054）中毒素暴露与新移民相对人口之间的关系。空间面板模型的结果表明，移民往往较少接触毒素，这表明他们具有适应能力而非脆弱性。这种模式在来自欧洲和拉丁美洲（不包括墨西哥）的移民中尤为明显。然而，我们的结果显示，墨西哥移民在富裕地区不成比例地面临环境危害。
