Marcos-López Mar, Espinosa Ruiz Cristóbal, Rodger Hamish D, O'Connor Ian, MacCarthy Eugene, Esteban M Ángeles
Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Co. Galway, Ireland; FishVet Group Ireland, Unit 7b Oranmore Business Park, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland.
Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2017 Jul;66:207-216. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.029. Epub 2017 May 10.
Amoebic gill disease (AGD), caused by the protozoan parasite Neoparamoeba perurans, is one of the most significant infectious diseases for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) mariculture. The present study investigated the humoral immune response (both local in gill mucus and systemic in serum) of farmed Atlantic salmon naturally infected with N. perurans in commercial sea pens, at two different stages of the disease and after freshwater treatment. Parameters analysed included activity of immune related enzymes (i.e. lysozyme, peroxidase, protease, anti-protease, esterase, alkaline phosphatase), IgM levels, and the terminal carbohydrate profile in the gill mucus. Overall, greater variations between groups were noted in the immune parameters determined in gill mucus than the equivalent in the serum. In gill mucus, IgM levels and peroxidase, lysozyme, esterase and protease activities were decreased in fish showing longer exposure time to the infection and higher disease severity, then showed a sequential increase after treatment. Results obtained highlight the capacity of gills to elicit a local response to the infection, indicate an impaired immune response at the later stages of the disease, and show partial reestablishment of the host immune status after freshwater treatment. In addition to providing data on the humoral response to AGD, this study increases knowledge on gill mucosal humoral immunity, since some of the parameters were analysed for the first time in gill mucus.
阿米巴鳃病（AGD）由原生动物寄生虫秘鲁新帕拉变形虫引起，是大西洋鲑（Salmo salar L.）海水养殖中最重要的传染病之一。本研究调查了商业海水网箱中自然感染秘鲁新帕拉变形虫的养殖大西洋鲑在疾病的两个不同阶段以及淡水处理后的体液免疫反应（鳃黏液中的局部反应和血清中的全身反应）。分析的参数包括免疫相关酶（即溶菌酶、过氧化物酶、蛋白酶、抗蛋白酶、酯酶、碱性磷酸酶）的活性、IgM水平以及鳃黏液中的末端碳水化合物谱。总体而言，鳃黏液中测定的免疫参数组间差异比血清中的更大。在鳃黏液中，感染时间较长且疾病严重程度较高的鱼，其IgM水平以及过氧化物酶、溶菌酶、酯酶和蛋白酶活性降低，处理后则依次升高。所得结果突出了鳃对感染引发局部反应的能力，表明疾病后期免疫反应受损，并显示淡水处理后宿主免疫状态部分恢复。除了提供对AGD体液反应的数据外，本研究还增加了对鳃黏膜体液免疫的了解，因为其中一些参数是首次在鳃黏液中进行分析。
