Leung Alexander K C, Barankin Benjamin, Hon Kam L E
The University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, #200, 233 - 16th Avenue NW, Calgary, Alberta. Canada.
Toronto Dermatology Centre, Toronto, Ontario. Canada.
Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 2017;11(1):22-31. doi: 10.2174/1872213X11666170518114456.
Molluscum contagiosum is a viral cutaneous infection in childhood that occurs worldwide. Physicians should familiarize themselves with this common condition.
To review in depth the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, complications and, in particular, treatment of molluscum contagiosum.
A PubMed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key term "molluscum contagiosum". Patents were searched using the key term "molluscum contagiosum" from www.google.com/patents, http: //espacenet.com, and www.freepatentsonline.com.
Molluscum contagiosum is caused by a poxvirus of the Molluscipox genus. Preschool and elementary school-aged children are more commonly affected. The virus is transmitted by close physical contact, autoinoculation, and fomites. Typically, molluscum contagiosum presents as asymptomatic, discrete, smooth, flesh-colored, dome-shaped papules with central umbilication from which a plug of cheesy material can be expressed. Some authors suggest watchful waiting of the lesions.Many authors suggest active treatment of lesions for cosmetic reasons or concerns of transmission and autoinoculation. Active treatments may be mechanical (e.g. cryotherapy, curettage, pulsed dye laser therapy), chemical (e.g. cantharidin, potassium hydroxide, podophyllotoxin, benzoyl peroxide, tretinoin, trichloroacetic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, salicylic acid), immune-modulating (e.g. imiquimod, interferon-alpha, cimetidine) and anti-viral (e.g. cidofovir). Recent patents related to the management of molluscum contagiosum are also retrieved and discussed. These patents comprise of topical compositions and herbal Chinese medicine with limited documentation of their efficacy.
The choice of treatment method should depend on the physician's comfort level with the various treatment options, the patient's age, the number and severity of lesions, location of lesions, and the preference of the child/parents. In general, physical destruction of the lesion, in particular, cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen and chemical destruction with cantharidin are the methods of choice for the majority of patients.
传染性软疣是一种在全球范围内儿童期发生的病毒性皮肤感染。医生应熟悉这种常见病症。
深入回顾传染性软疣的流行病学、病理生理学、临床表现、并发症，尤其是治疗方法。
在临床查询中使用关键词“传染性软疣”完成PubMed搜索。使用关键词“传染性软疣”在www.google.com/patents、http://espacenet.com和www.freepatentsonline.com上搜索专利。
传染性软疣由痘病毒科软疣痘病毒属引起。学龄前和小学年龄段的儿童更易感染。病毒通过密切身体接触、自体接种和污染物传播。典型的传染性软疣表现为无症状、孤立、光滑、肤色、圆顶状丘疹，中央有脐凹，可挤出奶酪样物质栓子。一些作者建议对皮损进行观察等待。许多作者出于美容原因或对传播和自体接种的担忧建议对皮损进行积极治疗。积极治疗方法可能有机械性的（如冷冻疗法、刮除术、脉冲染料激光治疗）、化学性的（如斑蝥素、氢氧化钾、鬼臼毒素、过氧化苯甲酰、维甲酸、三氯乙酸、乳酸、乙醇酸、水杨酸）、免疫调节性的（如咪喹莫特、干扰素-α、西咪替丁）和抗病毒的（如西多福韦）。还检索并讨论了与传染性软疣治疗相关的近期专利。这些专利包括局部用组合物和中药，但其疗效的文献记载有限。
治疗方法的选择应取决于医生对各种治疗选择的熟悉程度、患者年龄、皮损数量和严重程度、皮损部位以及儿童/家长的偏好。一般来说，皮损的物理破坏，特别是液氮冷冻疗法和斑蝥素化学破坏是大多数患者的首选方法。
