Borgiani Edoardo, Duda Georg N, Checa Sara
Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany.
Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany.
Front Physiol. 2017 May 8;8:287. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00287. eCollection 2017.
Bone is a living part of the body that can, in most situations, heal itself after fracture. However, in some situations, healing may fail. Compromised conditions, such as large bone defects, aging, immuno-deficiency, or genetic disorders, might lead to delayed or non-unions. Treatment strategies for those conditions remain a clinical challenge, emphasizing the need to better understand the mechanisms behind endogenous bone regeneration. Bone healing is a complex process that involves the coordination of multiple events at different length and time scales. Computer models have been able to provide great insights into the interactions occurring within and across the different scales (organ, tissue, cellular, intracellular) using different modeling approaches [partial differential equations (PDEs), agent-based models, and finite element techniques]. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in computer models of bone healing with a focus on multiscale approaches and how they have contributed to understand the emergence of tissue formation patterns as a result of processes taking place at the lower length scales.
骨骼是人体的一个活体组成部分，在大多数情况下，骨折后能够自行愈合。然而，在某些情况下，愈合可能会失败。诸如大的骨缺损、衰老、免疫缺陷或遗传疾病等不利状况可能导致延迟愈合或不愈合。针对这些情况的治疗策略仍然是一项临床挑战，这凸显了更好地理解内源性骨再生背后机制的必要性。骨愈合是一个复杂的过程，涉及不同长度和时间尺度上多个事件的协调。计算机模型能够使用不同的建模方法[偏微分方程（PDEs）、基于代理的模型和有限元技术]，深入了解在不同尺度（器官、组织、细胞、细胞内）内以及跨不同尺度发生的相互作用。在本综述中，我们总结了骨愈合计算机模型的最新进展，重点关注多尺度方法以及它们如何有助于理解由于在较低长度尺度上发生的过程而出现的组织形成模式。
