健康的生物学决定因素：基因、微生物与新陈代谢——护理学的典范
Biological determinants of health: Genes, microbes, and metabolism exemplars of nursing science.
作者信息
Ferranti Erin P, Grossmann Ruth, Starkweather Angela, Heitkemper Margaret
机构信息
Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
College of Nursing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.
出版信息
Nurs Outlook. 2017 Sep-Oct;65(5):506-514. doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2017.03.013. Epub 2017 Apr 12.
BACKGROUND
Increasingly, nurse scientists are incorporating "omics" measures (e.g., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) in studies of biologic determinants of health and behavior. The role of omics in nursing science can be conceptualized in several ways: (a) as a portfolio of biological measures (biomarkers) to monitor individual risk, (b) as a set of combined data elements that can generate new knowledge based on large and complex patient data sets, (c) as baseline information that promotes health education and potentially personalized interventions, and (d) as a platform to understand how environmental parameters (e.g., diet) interact with the individual's physiology.
PURPOSE
In this article, we provide exemplars of nursing scientists who use omics to better understand specific health conditions.
METHODS
We highlight various ongoing nursing research investigations incorporating omics technologies to study chronic pain vulnerability, risk for a pain-related condition, cardiometabolic complications associated with pregnancy, and as biomarkers of response to a dietary intervention.
DISCUSSION
Omics technologies add an important dimension to nursing science across many foci of investigation. However, there are also challenges and opportunities for nurse scientists who consider using omics in their research.
CONCLUSION
The integration of omics holds promise for increasing the impact of nursing research and practice on population health outcomes.
背景
越来越多的护士科学家在健康与行为的生物学决定因素研究中纳入“组学”测量方法（如基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学）。组学在护理科学中的作用可以从几个方面来概念化：（a）作为监测个体风险的一系列生物学测量方法（生物标志物）；（b）作为一组组合数据元素，可基于大型复杂的患者数据集产生新知识；（c）作为促进健康教育和潜在个性化干预的基线信息；（d）作为理解环境参数（如饮食）如何与个体生理相互作用的平台。
目的
在本文中，我们提供了护士科学家利用组学更好地理解特定健康状况的实例。
方法
我们重点介绍了各种正在进行的护理研究调查，这些研究采用组学技术来研究慢性疼痛易感性、疼痛相关疾病的风险、与妊娠相关的心脏代谢并发症以及作为饮食干预反应的生物标志物。
讨论
组学技术为护理科学在众多研究重点方面增添了重要维度。然而，对于考虑在研究中使用组学的护士科学家来说，也存在挑战和机遇。
结论
组学的整合有望增强护理研究和实践对人群健康结果的影响。
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