Robinson Neil, Sottas Pierre-Edouard, Schumacher Yorck Olaf
Med Sport Sci. 2017;62:107-118. doi: 10.1159/000460722. Epub 2017 Jun 2.
For decades, drug testing has been the main instrument at the disposal of anti-doping authorities. The availability in the 1980s of substances identical to those produced by the human body, including the "big 3" (erythropoietin, testosterone, and growth hormone), necessitated a new paradigm in anti-doping. The athlete biological passport (ABP) is a new paradigm, complementary to traditional drug testing, based on the personalized monitoring of doping biomarkers. Athletes who abuse doping substances do so to trigger physiological changes that provide performance enhancement. The ABP aims to detect these changes through its 3 hematological, steroidal, and endocrine modules. Any deviation of a biomarker from what is expected in a healthy physiological condition can be attributable to doping or a medical condition, which, interestingly, is also the criterion used to define a banned substance. Recent advances in proteomics and metabolomics offer immense opportunities to enhance the ABP. The ABP shares multiple aspects with the present customization of health care and personalized medicine.
几十年来，药物检测一直是反兴奋剂机构可用的主要手段。20世纪80年代出现了与人体产生的物质相同的物质，包括“三大类”（促红细胞生成素、睾酮和生长激素），这就需要反兴奋剂领域采用新的模式。运动员生物护照（ABP）是一种新的模式，它基于对兴奋剂生物标志物的个性化监测，是对传统药物检测的补充。滥用兴奋剂物质的运动员这样做是为了引发能提高成绩的生理变化。ABP旨在通过其血液学、甾体和内分泌三个模块检测这些变化。生物标志物与健康生理状况下预期值的任何偏差都可能归因于使用兴奋剂或疾病状况，有趣的是，这也是用于定义违禁物质的标准。蛋白质组学和代谢组学的最新进展为改进ABP提供了巨大机遇。ABP与当前医疗保健的定制化和个性化医疗有多个共同之处。
