Reilly Samantha M, Goel Reema, Bitzer Zachary, Elias Ryan J, Foulds Jonathan, Muscat Joshua, Richie John P
Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States.
Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.
Chem Res Toxicol. 2017 Jul 17;30(7):1463-1469. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00104. Epub 2017 Jul 5.
Smoking topography parameters differ substantially between individual smokers and may lead to significant variation in tobacco smoke exposure and risk for tobacco-caused diseases. However, to date, little is known regarding the impact of individual puff parameters on the delivery of many harmful smoke constituents including carbonyls. To examine this, we determined the effect of altering individual puff parameters on mainstream smoke carbonyl levels in machine-smoked reference cigarettes. Carbonyls including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, propionaldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), acrolein, and acetone were determined in cigarette smoke by HPLC after derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). Deliveries of all carbonyls were nearly two-fold greater when cigarettes were smoked according to the more intense Health Canada Intense (HCI) protocol compared to the International Organization of Standardization (ISO) method, consistent with the two-fold difference in total puff volume between methods (ISO: 280-315 mL; CI: 495-605 mL). When individual topography parameters were assessed, changes in puff volume alone had the greatest effect on carbonyl delivery as predicted with total carbonyls being strongly correlated with overall puff volume (r: 0.52-0.99) regardless of how the differences in volume were achieved. All seven of the carbonyls examined showed a similar relationship with puff volume. Minor effects on carbonyl levels were observed from vent blocking and changing the interpuff interval, while effects of changing puff duration and peak flow rate were minimal. Overall, these results highlight the importance of considering topography, especially puff volume, when the toxicant delivery and potential exposure smokers receive are assessed. The lack of an impact of other behaviors, including puff intensity and duration independent of volume, indicate that factors such as temperature and peak flow rate may have minimal overall effects on carbonyl production and delivery.
吸烟者个体之间的吸烟行为参数存在显著差异，这可能导致烟草烟雾暴露量以及烟草所致疾病风险的显著变化。然而，迄今为止，关于个体抽吸参数对包括羰基化合物在内的多种有害烟雾成分输送的影响，我们知之甚少。为了对此进行研究，我们测定了改变个体抽吸参数对机器抽吸的参比卷烟主流烟气羰基水平的影响。在用2,4-二硝基苯肼（DNPH）衍生化后，通过高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定卷烟烟气中的羰基化合物，包括甲醛、乙醛、巴豆醛、丙醛、甲乙酮（MEK）、丙烯醛和丙酮。与国际标准化组织（ISO）方法相比，按照更为严格的加拿大卫生部强烈抽吸（HCI）方案抽吸卷烟时，所有羰基化合物的输送量几乎高出一倍，这与两种方法之间总抽吸体积相差一倍一致（ISO：280 - 315 mL；HCI：495 - 605 mL）。当评估个体吸烟行为参数时，正如预测的那样，仅抽吸体积的变化对羰基化合物的输送影响最大，无论体积差异是如何产生的，总羰基化合物与总体抽吸体积都密切相关（r：0.52 - 0.99）。所检测的七种羰基化合物与抽吸体积均呈现相似的关系。通气孔堵塞和改变抽吸间隔对羰基水平有轻微影响，而改变抽吸持续时间和峰值流速的影响极小。总体而言，这些结果凸显了在评估吸烟者接触的毒物输送和潜在暴露量时考虑吸烟行为参数，尤其是抽吸体积的重要性。其他行为，包括与体积无关的抽吸强度和持续时间，缺乏影响表明温度和峰值流速等因素可能对羰基化合物的产生和输送总体影响极小。
