Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Center for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:6501046. doi: 10.1155/2017/6501046. Epub 2017 Jun 18.
Oxidative stress is the result of the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Biomarkers of oxidative stress are relevant in the evaluation of the disease status and of the health-enhancing effects of antioxidants. We aim to discuss the major methodological bias of methods used for the evaluation of oxidative stress in humans. There is a lack of consensus concerning the validation, standardization, and reproducibility of methods for the measurement of the following: (1) ROS in leukocytes and platelets by flow cytometry, (2) markers based on ROS-induced modifications of lipids, DNA, and proteins, (3) enzymatic players of redox status, and (4) total antioxidant capacity of human body fluids. It has been suggested that the bias of each method could be overcome by using indexes of oxidative stress that include more than one marker. However, the choice of the markers considered in the global index should be dictated by the aim of the study and its design, as well as by the clinical relevance in the selected subjects. In conclusion, the clinical significance of biomarkers of oxidative stress in humans must come from a critical analysis of the markers that should give an overall index of redox status in particular conditions.
氧化应激是活性氧（ROS）形成与酶和非酶抗氧化剂之间失衡的结果。氧化应激生物标志物与疾病状态的评估以及抗氧化剂的健康促进效果相关。我们旨在讨论用于评估人类氧化应激的方法中主要的方法学偏差。目前，关于以下方面的测量方法的验证、标准化和可重复性还没有达成共识：（1）通过流式细胞术检测白细胞和血小板中的 ROS；（2）基于 ROS 诱导的脂质、DNA 和蛋白质修饰的标志物；（3）氧化还原状态的酶学参与者；（4）人体体液的总抗氧化能力。有人提出，通过使用包含多个标志物的氧化应激指标，可以克服每种方法的偏差。然而，在总指数中考虑的标志物的选择应根据研究的目的和设计以及在选定的研究对象中的临床相关性来决定。总之，人类氧化应激生物标志物的临床意义必须来自对应该在特定条件下给出氧化还原状态总体指数的标志物的批判性分析。
