Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-4561, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA.
Plant Cell Rep. 2018 Jan;37(1):17-23. doi: 10.1007/s00299-017-2188-y. Epub 2017 Jul 29.
DNA methylation is a dynamic and reversible type of epigenetic mark that contributes to cellular physiology by affecting transcription activity, transposon mobility and genome stability. When plants are infected with pathogens, plant DNA methylation patterns can change, indicating an epigenetic interplay between plant host and pathogen. In most cases methylation can change susceptibility. While DNA hypomethylation appears to be a common phenomenon during the susceptible interaction, the levels and patterns of hypomethylation in transposable elements and genic regions may mediate distinct responses against various plant pathogens. The effect of DNA methylation on the plant immune response and other cellular activities and molecular functions is established by localized differential DNA methylation via cis-regulatory mechanisms as well as through trans-acting mechanisms. Understanding the epigenetic differences that control the phenotypic variations between susceptible and resistant interactions should facilitate the identification of new sources of resistance mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, which can be exploited to endow pathogen resistance to crops.
DNA 甲基化是一种动态且可逆的表观遗传标记，通过影响转录活性、转座子的移动性和基因组稳定性来影响细胞生理。当植物受到病原体感染时，植物的 DNA 甲基化模式可能会发生变化，表明植物宿主和病原体之间存在表观遗传相互作用。在大多数情况下，甲基化可以改变易感性。虽然在易感互作过程中 DNA 去甲基化似乎是一种常见现象，但转座子和基因区域的去甲基化水平和模式可能介导对各种植物病原体的不同反应。DNA 甲基化通过顺式调控机制以及通过反式作用机制，通过局部差异 DNA 甲基化来影响植物免疫反应和其他细胞活动和分子功能。了解控制易感和抗性相互作用之间表型变异的表观遗传差异，应该有助于鉴定由表观遗传机制介导的新的抗性来源，这些来源可用于赋予作物对病原体的抗性。
