Patil Gunvant, Mian Rouf, Vuong Tri, Pantalone Vince, Song Qijian, Chen Pengyin, Shannon Grover J, Carter Tommy C, Nguyen Henry T
Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
Theor Appl Genet. 2017 Oct;130(10):1975-1991. doi: 10.1007/s00122-017-2955-8. Epub 2017 Aug 11.
Genetic improvement of soybean protein meal is a complex process because of negative correlation with oil, yield, and temperature. This review describes the progress in mapping and genomics, identifies knowledge gaps, and highlights the need of integrated approaches. Meal protein derived from soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] seed is the primary source of protein in poultry and livestock feed. Protein is a key factor that determines the nutritional and economical value of soybean. Genetic improvement of soybean seed protein content is highly desirable, and major quantitative trait loci (QTL) for soybean protein have been detected and repeatedly mapped on chromosomes (Chr.) 20 (LG-I), and 15 (LG-E). However, practical breeding progress is challenging because of seed protein content's negative genetic correlation with seed yield, other seed components such as oil and sucrose, and interaction with environmental effects such as temperature during seed development. In this review, we discuss rate-limiting factors related to soybean protein content and nutritional quality, and potential control factors regulating seed storage protein. In addition, we describe advances in next-generation sequencing technologies for precise detection of natural variants and their integration with conventional and high-throughput genotyping technologies. A syntenic analysis of QTL on Chr. 15 and 20 was performed. Finally, we discuss comprehensive approaches for integrating protein and amino acid QTL, genome-wide association studies, whole-genome resequencing, and transcriptome data to accelerate identification of genomic hot spots for allele introgression and soybean meal protein improvement.
由于大豆蛋白粕与油脂、产量和温度呈负相关，其遗传改良是一个复杂的过程。本文综述了大豆蛋白粕定位与基因组学的研究进展，找出了知识空白，并强调了综合方法的必要性。大豆[Glycine max (L) Merr.]种子中的蛋白粕是家禽和家畜饲料中蛋白质的主要来源。蛋白质是决定大豆营养和经济价值的关键因素。提高大豆种子蛋白含量的遗传改良备受期待，大豆蛋白的主要数量性状位点（QTL）已被检测到，并在20号染色体（LG-I）和15号染色体（LG-E）上多次定位。然而，由于种子蛋白含量与种子产量、其他种子成分（如油脂和蔗糖）存在负遗传相关性，且与种子发育期间的温度等环境效应存在相互作用，实际育种进展具有挑战性。在本文中，我们讨论了与大豆蛋白含量和营养品质相关的限速因素，以及调控种子贮藏蛋白的潜在控制因素。此外，我们还描述了用于精确检测自然变异的新一代测序技术的进展，以及它们与传统和高通量基因分型技术的整合。对15号和20号染色体上的QTL进行了共线性分析。最后，我们讨论了整合蛋白质和氨基酸QTL、全基因组关联研究、全基因组重测序和转录组数据的综合方法，以加速等位基因渗入和大豆蛋白粕改良的基因组热点的鉴定。
