Griffiths Mark D, Nuyens Filip
International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ UK.
Curr Addict Rep. 2017;4(3):272-283. doi: 10.1007/s40429-017-0162-y. Epub 2017 Jul 13.
There are many different factors involved in how and why people develop problems with video game playing. One such set of factors concerns the structural characteristics of video games (i.e., the structure, elements, and components of the video games themselves). Much of the research examining the structural characteristics of video games was initially based on research and theorizing from the gambling studies field. The present review briefly overviews the key papers in the field to date.
The paper examines a number of areas including (i) similarities in structural characteristics of gambling and video gaming, (ii) structural characteristics in video games, (iii) narrative and flow in video games, (iv) structural characteristic taxonomies for video games, and (v) video game structural characteristics and game design ethics. Many of the studies carried out to date are small-scale, and comprise self-selected convenience samples (typically using self-report surveys or non-ecologically valid laboratory experiments).
Based on the small amount of empirical data, it appears that structural features that take a long time to achieve in-game are the ones most associated with problematic video game play (e.g., earning experience points, managing in-game resources, mastering the video game, getting 100% in-game). The study of video games from a structural characteristic perspective is of benefit to many different stakeholders including academic researchers, video game players, and video game designers, as well as those interested in prevention and policymaking by making the games more socially responsible. It is important that researchers understand and recognize the psycho-social effects and impacts that the structural characteristics of video games can have on players, both positive and negative.
人们玩电子游戏出现问题的方式及原因涉及诸多不同因素。其中一类因素关乎电子游戏的结构特征（即电子游戏本身的结构、元素和组件）。许多研究电子游戏结构特征的研究最初是基于赌博研究领域的研究和理论。本综述简要概述了该领域迄今为止的关键论文。
该论文考察了多个领域，包括（i）赌博与电子游戏结构特征的相似性，（ii）电子游戏中的结构特征，（iii）电子游戏中的叙事与沉浸感，（iv）电子游戏的结构特征分类法，以及（v）电子游戏结构特征与游戏设计伦理。迄今为止进行的许多研究规模较小，且包含自行选择的便利样本（通常使用自我报告调查或非生态有效实验室实验）。
基于少量实证数据，似乎在游戏中需要很长时间才能实现的结构特征与有问题的电子游戏玩法关联最大（例如，获得经验值、管理游戏内资源、精通电子游戏、在游戏中达到100%）。从结构特征角度研究电子游戏对许多不同利益相关者有益，包括学术研究人员、电子游戏玩家、电子游戏设计师，以及那些对通过使游戏更具社会责任感进行预防和决策感兴趣的人。研究人员理解并认识到电子游戏结构特征对玩家可能产生的心理社会影响和作用，包括积极和消极方面，非常重要。
