脑卒中患病率及相关危险因素：来自中国东北地区的一项基于人群的横断面研究。
Prevalence of stroke and associated risk factors: a population based cross sectional study from northeast China.
机构信息
Department of Neurology, Stroke Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China.
Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China.
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2017 Sep 3;7(9):e015758. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015758.
OBJECTIVES
Epidemiological studies aimed at stroke and its risk factors can help identify persons at higher risk and therefore promote stroke prevention strategies. We aimed to explore the current prevalence of stroke and its associated risk factors in northeast China.
DESIGN
Population based cross sectional study.
SETTING
Data were collected using a structured precoded questionnaire designed by the Stroke Screening and Prevention Programme of the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, between January and March 2016.
PARTICIPANTS
4100 permanent residents, aged 40 years or older, who had lived in Dehui City of Jilin Province for more than 6 months volunteered to participate in the survey, with a response rate of 92.2%. For the purpose of the present analysis, 48 subjects were excluded due to missing values, giving a total of 4052 people included in this analysis.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
The questionnaire included demographic characteristics, stroke related behavioural factors, personal and family medical history of stroke, physical examination and laboratory testing.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of stroke in Jilin Province was 7.2% (95% CI 6.3% to 8.2%). Of all stroke cases, 91.7% (95% CI 87.4% to 94.6%) were ischaemic stroke and 8.3% (95% CI 5.4% to 12.6%) were haemorrhagic stroke. The prevalence rates of dyslipidaemia, smoking and hypertension were ranked as the top three cerebrovascular risk factors and were 62.1%, 61.8% and 57.3%, respectively. We found that hypertension, dyslipidaemia and lack of exercise were associated with ischaemic stroke. However, only hypertension (OR=4.064, 95% CI 1.358 to 12.160) was significantly associated with haemorrhagic stroke.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of stroke, especially ischaemic stroke, and associated cerebrovascular risk factors among adults aged 40 years or older in northeast China were high. A higher regional prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and lack of exercise may be responsible.
目的
针对中风及其危险因素的流行病学研究有助于确定风险较高的人群，从而促进中风预防策略的制定。我们旨在探讨中国东北地区中风的当前流行情况及其相关危险因素。
设计
基于人群的横断面研究。
地点
数据由中国国家卫生和计划生育委员会中风筛查和预防计划设计的结构化预编码问卷收集，收集时间为 2016 年 1 月至 3 月。
参与者
4100 名年龄在 40 岁或以上、在吉林省德惠市居住 6 个月以上的常住居民自愿参加调查，应答率为 92.2%。出于本分析的目的，由于缺失值，排除了 48 名受试者，共有 4052 人纳入本分析。
主要观察指标
问卷包括人口统计学特征、中风相关行为因素、中风个人和家族病史、体格检查和实验室检查。
结果
吉林省中风总患病率为 7.2%（95%CI 6.3%8.2%）。所有中风病例中，缺血性中风占 91.7%（95%CI 87.4%94.6%），出血性中风占 8.3%（95%CI 5.4%12.6%）。血脂异常、吸烟和高血压的患病率排名前三位的脑血管危险因素，分别为 62.1%、61.8%和 57.3%。我们发现高血压、血脂异常和缺乏运动与缺血性中风有关。然而，只有高血压（OR=4.064，95%CI 1.35812.160）与出血性中风显著相关。
结论
中国东北地区 40 岁及以上成年人中风，尤其是缺血性中风，以及相关的脑血管危险因素患病率较高。该地区高血压、血脂异常和缺乏运动的高患病率可能是导致这一结果的原因。
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