Kumar Jaya, Teoh Seong Lin, Das Srijit, Mahakknaukrauh Pasuk
Department of Physiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical CentreKuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical CentreKuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Front Physiol. 2017 Sep 14;8:693. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00693. eCollection 2017.
Oxidative stress occurs in diabetes, various cancers, liver diseases, stroke, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic inflammation, and other degenerative diseases related to the nervous system. The free radicals have deleterious effect on various organs of the body. This is due to lipid peroxidation and irreversible protein modification that leads to cellular apoptosis or programmed cell death. During recent years, there is a rise in the oral diseases related to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress in oral disease is related to other systemic diseases in the body such as periodontitis, cardiovascular, pancreatic, gastric, and liver diseases. In the present review, we discuss the various pathways that mediate oxidative cellular damage. Numerous pathways mediate oxidative cellular damage and these include caspase pathway, PERK/NRF2 pathway, NADPH oxidase 4 pathways and JNK/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. We also discuss the role of inflammatory markers, lipid peroxidation, and role of oxygen species linked to oxidative stress. Knowledge of different pathways, role of inflammatory markers, and importance of low-density lipoprotein, fibrinogen, creatinine, nitric oxide, nitrates, and highly sensitive C-reactive proteins may be helpful in understanding the pathogenesis and plan better treatment for oral diseases which involve oxidative stress.
氧化应激发生于糖尿病、各种癌症、肝脏疾病、中风、类风湿性关节炎、慢性炎症以及其他与神经系统相关的退行性疾病中。自由基会对身体的各个器官产生有害影响。这是由于脂质过氧化和不可逆的蛋白质修饰导致细胞凋亡或程序性细胞死亡。近年来，与氧化应激相关的口腔疾病有所增加。口腔疾病中的氧化应激与身体的其他全身性疾病有关，如牙周炎、心血管疾病、胰腺疾病、胃部疾病和肝脏疾病。在本综述中，我们讨论了介导氧化细胞损伤的各种途径。许多途径介导氧化细胞损伤，这些途径包括半胱天冬酶途径、PERK/NRF2途径、NADPH氧化酶4途径和JNK/丝裂原活化蛋白（MAP）激酶途径。我们还讨论了炎症标志物、脂质过氧化以及与氧化应激相关的氧物种的作用。了解不同途径、炎症标志物的作用以及低密度脂蛋白、纤维蛋白原、肌酐、一氧化氮、硝酸盐和高敏C反应蛋白的重要性，可能有助于理解发病机制并为涉及氧化应激的口腔疾病制定更好的治疗方案。
