Zhang Jilei, Wang Jiawei, Chen Li, Yassin Afrah Kamal, Kelly Patrick, Butaye Patrick, Li Jing, Gong Jiansen, Cattley Russell, Qi Kezong, Wang Chengming
Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2017 Dec 15;84(1). doi: 10.1128/AEM.01736-17. Print 2018 Jan 1.
Flies have the capacity to transfer pathogens between different environments, acting as one of the most important vectors of human diseases worldwide. In this study, we trapped flies on a university campus and tested them for mobile resistance genes against colistin, a last-resort antibiotic in human medicine for treating clinical infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Quantitative PCR assays we developed showed that 34.1% of (86/252) and 51.1% of (23/45) isolates were positive for the gene, 1.2% of (3/252) and 2.2% of (2.2%, 1/45) isolates were positive for , and 5.2% of (13/252) and 44.4% of (20/45) isolates were positive for Overall, 4.8% (9/189) of bacteria isolated from the flies were positive for the gene (: 8.3%, 4/48; : 12.5%, 1/8; : 11.8%, 2/17; : 4.9%, 2/41), while none were positive for and Four -positive isolates (two and two ) from blow flies trapped near a dumpster had a MIC for colistin above 4 mg/ml. This study reports carriage in spp. and detection of and after their initial identification in Belgium and China, respectively. This study suggests that flies might contribute significantly to the dissemination of bacteria, carrying these genes into a large variety of ecological niches. Further studies are warranted to explore the roles that flies might play in the spread of colistin resistance genes. Antimicrobial resistance is recognized as one of the most serious global threats to human health. An option for treatment of the Gram-negative ESKAPE (, , , , , and species) bacteria with multiple drug resistance was the reintroduction of the older antibiotic colistin. However, a mobile colistin resistance gene () has recently been found to occur widely; very recently, two other colistin resistance genes ( and ) have been identified in Belgium and China, respectively. In this study, we report the presence of colistin resistance genes in flies. This study also reports the carriage of colistin resistance genes in the genus and detection of and after their initial identification. This study will stimulate more in-depth studies to fully elucidate the transmission mechanisms of the colistin resistance genes and their interaction.
苍蝇有能力在不同环境之间传播病原体，是全球人类疾病最重要的传播媒介之一。在本研究中，我们在大学校园捕捉苍蝇，并检测它们是否携带针对黏菌素的移动耐药基因，黏菌素是治疗多重耐药革兰氏阴性菌引起的临床感染的人类医学最后一道防线抗生素。我们开发的定量PCR检测表明，252株中有34.1%（86/252）和45株中有51.1%（23/45）的分离株对mcr-1基因呈阳性，252株中有1.2%（3/252）和45株中有2.2%（1/45）的分离株对mcr-2呈阳性，252株中有5.2%（13/252）和45株中有44.4%（20/45）的分离株对mcr-3呈阳性。总体而言，从苍蝇分离出的细菌中有4.8%（9/189）对mcr基因呈阳性（嗜尸性金蝇：8.3%，4/48；厩腐蝇：12.5%，1/8；丝光绿蝇：11.8%，2/17；家蝇：4.9%，2/41），而对mcr-4和mcr-5均无阳性。从靠近垃圾桶捕获的红头丽蝇中分离出的4株阳性菌株（2株mcr-1和2株mcr-3）对黏菌素的最低抑菌浓度高于4mg/ml。本研究报告了在蝇类中携带mcr基因，并分别在比利时和中国首次鉴定出mcr-2和mcr-3后对其进行了检测。本研究表明，苍蝇可能对细菌的传播有重大贡献，将这些基因带入各种各样的生态位。有必要进一步研究以探索苍蝇在黏菌素耐药基因传播中可能发挥的作用。抗菌药物耐药性被认为是对人类健康最严重的全球威胁之一。治疗多重耐药革兰氏阴性ESKAPE（粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌）细菌的一种选择是重新使用较老的抗生素黏菌素。然而，最近发现一种移动性黏菌素耐药基因（mcr-1）广泛存在；最近，另外两种黏菌素耐药基因（mcr-2和mcr-3）分别在比利时和中国被鉴定出来。在本研究中，我们报告了苍蝇中存在黏菌素耐药基因。本研究还报告了在蝇属中携带黏菌素耐药基因，并在首次鉴定出mcr-2和mcr-3后对其进行了检测。本研究将激发更深入的研究，以充分阐明黏菌素耐药基因的传播机制及其相互作用。
