Duncan C C
Unit on Psychophysiology, NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Schizophr Bull. 1988;14(2):199-203. doi: 10.1093/schbul/14.2.199.
The application of the P300 component of the event-related brain potential to the study of attentional impairment in schizophrenia is discussed, and two recent studies are described. In one, the relative effects on P300 of stimulus modality and probability were evaluated. The data showed that the P300 is smaller in schizophrenic patients relative to normal controls for low-probability auditory stimuli. Next is described a preliminary report that evaluated whether this P300 reduction reflects a core deficit (trait marker) or clinical symptomatology (state marker). To pursue this question, a group of schizophrenic patients was studied on and off neuroleptic medication. The data showed that improvement in clinical state was highly correlated with increased visual P300 but was uncorrelated with auditory P300. These findings suggest that P300 elicited in the visual modality has the characteristics of a state marker of schizophrenia. In contrast, auditory P300 remains a candidate for a vulnerability trait marker of schizophrenia. The core deficit in schizophrenia thus appears to involve the auditory information-processing system, whereas fluctuations in clinical state may be reflected in the visual processing system.
本文讨论了事件相关脑电位的P300成分在精神分裂症注意力损伤研究中的应用，并描述了两项近期研究。在其中一项研究中，评估了刺激模态和概率对P300的相对影响。数据显示，对于低概率听觉刺激，精神分裂症患者的P300相对于正常对照组较小。接下来描述的是一份初步报告，该报告评估了这种P300降低是反映核心缺陷（特质标记）还是临床症状（状态标记）。为了探讨这个问题，对一组精神分裂症患者在服用和停用抗精神病药物的情况下进行了研究。数据显示，临床状态的改善与视觉P300增加高度相关，但与听觉P300无关。这些发现表明，视觉模态中诱发的P300具有精神分裂症状态标记的特征。相比之下，听觉P300仍然是精神分裂症易感性特质标记的候选者。因此，精神分裂症的核心缺陷似乎涉及听觉信息处理系统，而临床状态的波动可能反映在视觉处理系统中。
