University of Colorado Boulder , Mechanical Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.
University of Colorado Boulder , Applied Mathematics, 1111 Engineering Drive Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2017 Nov 7;51(21):12508-12517. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02436. Epub 2017 Oct 23.
Household cooking using solid biomass fuels is a major global health and environmental concern. As part of the Research on Emissions Air quality Climate and Cooking Technologies in Northern Ghana study, we conducted 75 in-field uncontrolled cooking tests designed to assess emissions and efficiency of the Gyapa woodstove, Philips HD4012, threestone fire and coalpot (local charcoal stove). Emission factors (EFs) were calculated for carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM). Moreover, modified combustion (MCE), heat transfer (HTE) and overall thermal efficiencies (OTE) were calculated across a variety of fuel, stove and meal type combinations. Mixed effect models suggest that compared to traditional stove/fuel combinations, the Philips burning wood or charcoal showed significant fuel and energy based EF differences for CO, but no significant PM changes with wood fuel. MCEs were significantly higher for Philips wood and charcoal-burning stoves compared to the threestone fire and coalpot. The Gyapa emitted significantly higher ratios of elemental to organic carbon. Fuel moisture, firepower and MCE fluctuation effects on stove performance were investigated with mixed findings. Results show agreement with other in-field findings and discrepancies with some lab-based findings, with important implications for estimated health and air quality impacts.
家用烹饪使用固体生物质燃料是一个全球性的主要健康和环境问题。作为加纳北部排放空气质量气候和烹饪技术研究的一部分，我们进行了 75 次现场非控制烹饪测试，旨在评估 Gyapa 柴火炉、Philips HD4012、三石灶和煤球（当地的木炭炉）的排放和效率。我们计算了一氧化碳（CO）、二氧化碳（CO）和颗粒物（PM）的排放因子（EF）。此外，我们还计算了各种燃料、炉灶和餐食类型组合的改进燃烧（MCE）、热传递（HTE）和整体热效率（OTE）。混合效应模型表明，与传统炉灶/燃料组合相比，Philips 燃烧木材或木炭时，CO 的燃料和能量基 EF 差异显著，但木材燃料对 PM 没有显著影响。与三石灶和煤球相比，Philips 燃烧木材和木炭的 MCE 要高得多。Gyapa 排放的元素碳与有机碳的比值明显更高。我们研究了燃料湿度、火力和 MCE 波动对炉灶性能的影响，得到了一些混合的结果。结果与其他现场研究结果一致，与一些实验室研究结果不一致，这对估计健康和空气质量影响有重要意义。
