Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA.
MIND Institute, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.
Autism Res. 2018 Jan;11(1):121-132. doi: 10.1002/aur.1884. Epub 2017 Oct 27.
We examined phenotypes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) based on trajectories of intellectual development from early (ages 2-3 ½) to middle (ages 5-8) childhood in a recent clinically ascertained cohort. Participants included 102 children (82 males) initially diagnosed with ASD from the Autism Phenome Project longitudinal sample. Latent class growth analysis was used to identify distinct IQ trajectories. Baseline and developmental course differences among groups were assessed using univariate techniques and repeated measures regression models, respectively. A four class model best represented the data. Using the highest posterior probability, participants were assigned to High Challenges (25.5%), Stable Low (17.6%), Changers (35.3%), and Lesser Challenges (21.6%) groups. The High Challenges and Stable Low groups exhibited persistently low IQ, although, the High Challenges group experienced declines while the Stable Low group's scores remained more constant. Changers showed IQ improvement of > 2 standard deviations. The Lesser Challenges group had IQs in the average range at both times that were about 1 standard deviation higher at T2. In summation, 75% of the participants experienced some relative improvements in intellectual and/or other areas of functioning between ages 2 and 8 years. The Changers group demonstrated the most significant IQ change that was accompanied by adaptive communication improvement and declining externalizing symptoms. Only the Lesser Challenges group showed a significant reduction in ASD symptom severity, such that by age 8, 14% of them no longer met ADOS-2 criteria for ASD. All groups showed reductions in internalizing symptoms. Intervention history was not associated with group status. Autism Res 2018, 11: 121-132. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
We examined how the IQs of children with autism spectrum disorder change between ages 2 and 8, and identified four patterns. Two groups exhibited persistently lower IQs. One group showed IQ increases of greater than 30 points with improved communicate abilities and declining disruptive behaviors. The final group had IQs in the average or better range at both time points, and 14% of them lost their diagnoses. Over half of the children experienced improved intellectual functioning between ages 2 and 8, whereas about 25% showed declines. Findings were not associated with intervention history.
我们根据从儿童早期（2-3 岁半）到中期（5-8 岁）的智力发展轨迹，研究了自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的表型。参与者包括来自自闭症表型项目纵向样本的 102 名（82 名男性）最近临床确诊的 ASD 儿童。使用潜在类别增长分析来确定不同的 IQ 轨迹。使用单变量技术和重复测量回归模型分别评估组间的基线和发展过程差异。四项模型最能代表数据。使用后验概率最高，将参与者分配到高挑战（25.5%）、稳定低（17.6%）、变化者（35.3%）和低挑战（21.6%）组。高挑战和稳定低组表现出持续的低智商，尽管高挑战组的智商下降，而稳定低组的分数保持更为稳定。变化者表现出智商提高超过 2 个标准差。低挑战组在两个时间点的智商都在平均范围内，在 T2 时高出约 1 个标准差。总之，75%的参与者在 2 至 8 岁之间在智力和/或其他功能领域经历了一些相对的改善。变化者组表现出最显著的智商变化，同时伴有适应性沟通改善和外化症状减少。只有低挑战组表现出 ASD 症状严重程度显著降低，以至于到 8 岁时，其中 14%不再符合 ASD 诊断标准。所有组的内化症状均减少。干预史与组状态无关。自闭症研究 2018, 11: 121-132. © 2017 自闭症国际研究协会，威利期刊，公司。
我们检查了自闭症谱系障碍儿童的智商在 2 至 8 岁之间的变化，并确定了四种模式。两组表现出持续较低的智商。一组表现出智商提高超过 30 分，沟通能力提高，破坏性行为减少。最后一组在两个时间点的智商都在平均或更好的范围内，其中 14%的人失去了诊断。超过一半的儿童在 2 至 8 岁之间经历了智力功能的改善，而大约 25%的儿童智商下降。发现与干预史无关。
