政策制定者和健康促进专业人员对促进身体活动和健康饮食的干预措施及政策的实施与维持的影响因素的看法：DEDIPAC项目的结果
Views of policy makers and health promotion professionals on factors facilitating implementation and maintenance of interventions and policies promoting physical activity and healthy eating: results of the DEDIPAC project.
作者信息
Muellmann Saskia, Steenbock Berit, De Cocker Katrien, De Craemer Marieke, Hayes Catherine, O'Shea Miriam P, Horodyska Karolina, Bell Justyna, Luszczynska Aleksandra, Roos Gun, Langøien Lars Jørun, Rugseth Gro, Terragni Laura, De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse, Brug Johannes, Pischke Claudia R
机构信息
Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.
Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2017 Dec 6;17(1):932. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4929-9.
BACKGROUND
The uptake, implementation, and maintenance of effective interventions promoting physical activity (PA) and a healthy diet and the implementation of policies targeting these behaviors are processes not well understood. We aimed to gain a better understanding of what health promotion professionals and policy makers think are important factors facilitating adoption, implementation, and maintenance of multi-level interventions and policies promoting healthy eating and PA in Belgium, Germany, Ireland, Norway, and Poland.
METHODS
Six interventions and six policies were identified based on pre-defined criteria. Forty semi-structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders from various sectors to elicit information on factors impacting adoption, implementation, and maintenance of these interventions and policies. All interview transcripts were coded in NVivo, using a common categorization matrix. Coding in the respective countries was done by one researcher and validated by a second researcher.
RESULTS
Active involvement of relevant stakeholders and good communication between coordinating organizations were described as important factors contributing to successful adoption and implementation of both interventions and policies. Additional facilitating factors included sufficient training of staff and tailoring of materials to match needs of various target groups. The respondents indicated that maintenance of implemented interventions/policies depended on whether they were embedded in existing or newly created organizational structures in different settings and whether continued funding was secured.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite considerable heterogeneity of interventions and health policies in the five countries, stakeholders across these countries identify similar factors facilitating adoption, implementation, and maintenance of these interventions and policies.
背景
促进身体活动（PA）和健康饮食的有效干预措施的采用、实施和维持，以及针对这些行为的政策实施，是尚未被充分理解的过程。我们旨在更好地了解健康促进专业人员和政策制定者认为哪些重要因素有助于在比利时、德国、爱尔兰、挪威和波兰采用、实施和维持促进健康饮食和身体活动的多层次干预措施和政策。
方法
根据预先确定的标准确定了六项干预措施和六项政策。对来自不同部门的利益相关者进行了40次半结构化访谈，以获取有关影响这些干预措施和政策采用、实施和维持的因素的信息。所有访谈记录都在NVivo中进行编码，使用通用分类矩阵。各个国家的编码由一名研究人员完成，并由另一名研究人员进行验证。
结果
相关利益相关者积极参与以及协调组织之间良好沟通被描述为有助于成功采用和实施干预措施及政策的重要因素。其他促进因素包括对工作人员进行充分培训以及根据不同目标群体的需求定制材料。受访者表示，已实施的干预措施/政策的维持取决于它们是否融入不同环境中的现有或新创建的组织结构，以及是否获得持续资金。
结论
尽管这五个国家的干预措施和卫生政策存在很大差异，但这些国家的利益相关者确定了类似的促进这些干预措施和政策采用、实施和维持的因素。
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