Hamid Penny Humaidah, Prastowo Joko, Ghiffari Ahmad, Taubert Anja, Hermosilla Carlos
Department of Parasitology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah, Palembang, Indonesia.
PLoS One. 2017 Dec 18;12(12):e0189680. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189680. eCollection 2017.
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of various relevant arthropod-borne viral infectious diseases worldwide. The mosquito control is still mainly performed by using insecticides but their effectiveness is increasingly questioned nowadays. We here conducted a study on Ae. aegypti resistance development towards several commonly used insecticides in the capital city of Jakarta, Indonesia. In order to achieve this goal, Ae. aegypti eggs from Jakarta were collected with ovitraps and hatched in the insectary of the Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia. The F0 generations were used for WHO resistance tests and knockdown resistance (kdr) assays. Presented results clearly showed that there was resistance development of Ae. aegypti populations to the here tested pyrethroid insecticides (i. e. permethrin). Observed mortalities were less than 90% with highest resistance against 0.75% permethrin concentrations. Furthermore, a significant association of V1016G gene mutations with resistance phenotypes to 0.75% permethrin was observed. Nevertheless, the F1534C mutation did not show a significant correlation to resistance development. In conclusion, our results show that populations of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes within the city of Jakarta have developed resistance against several routinely used pyrethroid insecticides in local performed control programs. Thus, the regular verification/assessment of resistance development status will hopefully help in the future to assist local public health authorities in their mosquito control programs by recommending and managing the rotation of different routinely used insecticides with diverse effector mechanisms in order to delay Ae. aegypti resistance development.
埃及伊蚊是全球多种相关节肢动物传播的病毒性传染病的主要传播媒介。蚊虫控制目前仍主要通过使用杀虫剂来进行，但如今其有效性受到越来越多的质疑。我们在此对印度尼西亚雅加达首都的埃及伊蚊对几种常用杀虫剂的抗性发展情况进行了一项研究。为实现这一目标，用诱蚊产卵器收集了来自雅加达的埃及伊蚊卵，并在印度尼西亚加查马达大学的昆虫饲养室中孵化。F0代用于世卫组织抗性测试和击倒抗性（kdr）测定。呈现的结果清楚地表明，埃及伊蚊种群对这里测试的拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂（即氯菊酯）产生了抗性。观察到的死亡率低于90%，对0.75%氯菊酯浓度的抗性最高。此外，观察到V1016G基因突变与对0.75%氯菊酯的抗性表型之间存在显著关联。然而，F1534C突变与抗性发展没有显著相关性。总之，我们的结果表明，雅加达市内的埃及伊蚊种群已对当地实施的控制项目中几种常规使用的拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂产生了抗性。因此，定期核查/评估抗性发展状况有望在未来帮助当地公共卫生当局开展蚊虫控制项目，通过推荐和管理具有不同作用机制的不同常规使用杀虫剂的轮换，以延缓埃及伊蚊抗性的发展。
