Wolfe Jeremy M, Cain Matthew S, Alaoui-Soce Abla
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Visual Attention Lab, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2018 Apr;80(3):609-621. doi: 10.3758/s13414-017-1471-x.
In hybrid foraging, observers search visual displays for multiple instances of multiple target types. In previous hybrid foraging experiments, although there were multiple types of target, all instances of all targets had the same value. Under such conditions, behavior was well described by the marginal value theorem (MVT). Foragers left the current "patch" for the next patch when the instantaneous rate of collection dropped below their average rate of collection. An observer's specific target selections were shaped by previous target selections. Observers were biased toward picking another instance of the same target. In the present work, observers forage for instances of four target types whose value and prevalence can vary. If value is kept constant and prevalence manipulated, participants consistently show a preference for the most common targets. Patch-leaving behavior follows MVT. When value is manipulated, observers favor more valuable targets, though individual foraging strategies become more diverse, with some observers favoring the most valuable target types very strongly, sometimes moving to the next patch without collecting any of the less valuable targets.
在混合觅食中，观察者会在视觉展示中搜索多种目标类型的多个实例。在之前的混合觅食实验中，尽管存在多种类型的目标，但所有目标的所有实例都具有相同的价值。在这种情况下，边际价值定理（MVT）能够很好地描述行为。当即时采集率降至平均采集率以下时，觅食者会离开当前的“斑块”去寻找下一个斑块。观察者的特定目标选择受到先前目标选择的影响。观察者倾向于选择同一目标的另一个实例。在当前的研究中，观察者会觅食四种目标类型的实例，其价值和流行程度可能会有所不同。如果价值保持不变而流行程度受到操控，参与者始终会表现出对最常见目标的偏好。离开斑块的行为遵循边际价值定理。当价值受到操控时，观察者会偏向更有价值的目标，不过个体的觅食策略会变得更加多样，一些观察者会非常强烈地偏向最有价值的目标类型，有时甚至不采集任何价值较低的目标就转移到下一个斑块。
