van Manen Teunis, Janbaz Shahram, Zadpoor Amir A
Additive Manufacturing Laboratory , Department of Biomechanical Engineering , Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) , Mekelweg 2 , Delft 2628CD , The Netherlands . Email:
Mater Horiz. 2017 Nov 1;4(6):1064-1069. doi: 10.1039/c7mh00269f. Epub 2017 Jun 22.
Materials and devices with advanced functionalities often need to combine complex 3D shapes with functionality-inducing surface features. Precisely controlled bio-nanopatterns, printed electronic components, and sensors/actuators are all examples of such surface features. However, the vast majority of the refined technologies that are currently available for creating functional surface features work only on flat surfaces. Here we present initially flat constructs that upon triggering by high temperatures change their shape to a pre-programmed 3D shape, thereby enabling the combination of surface-related functionalities with complex 3D shapes. A number of shape-shifting materials have been proposed during the last few years based on various types of advanced technologies. The proposed techniques often require multiple fabrication steps and special materials, while being limited in terms of the 3D shapes they could achieve. The approach presented here is a single-step printing process that requires only a hobbyist 3D printer and inexpensive off-the-shelf materials. It also lends itself to a host of design strategies based on self-folding origami, instability-driven pop-up, and 'sequential' shape-shifting to unprecedentedly expand the space of achievable 3D shapes. This combination of simplicity and versatility is a key to widespread applications.
具有先进功能的材料和器件通常需要将复杂的三维形状与诱导功能的表面特征相结合。精确控制的生物纳米图案、印刷电子元件以及传感器/致动器都是这类表面特征的例子。然而，目前绝大多数用于制造功能性表面特征的精细技术仅适用于平面。在此，我们展示了最初为平面的结构，这些结构在高温触发下会转变为预先编程的三维形状，从而能够将与表面相关的功能与复杂的三维形状相结合。在过去几年中，基于各种先进技术已经提出了许多形状转变材料。所提出的技术通常需要多个制造步骤和特殊材料，同时在可实现的三维形状方面受到限制。这里介绍的方法是一种单步打印工艺，只需要一台业余爱好者用的三维打印机和便宜的现成材料。它还适用于一系列基于自折叠折纸、不稳定性驱动弹出以及“顺序”形状转变的设计策略，以前所未有的方式扩展了可实现的三维形状空间。这种简单性和多功能性的结合是广泛应用的关键。
