Milanović Zoran, Sporiš Goran, James Nic, Trajković Nebojša, Ignjatović Aleksandar, Sarmento Hugo, Trecroci Athos, Mendes Bruno Miguel Borges
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia.
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
J Hum Kinet. 2017 Dec 28;60:77-83. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0091. eCollection 2017 Dec.
The popularity of female soccer is increasing as well as the number of females playing soccer. Similarly, over the last twenty or so years, research in soccer has increased significantly, but a large disparity exists in the volume of studies involving male and female players. As a consequence of this, female players remain less well understood compared to males. The purpose of the present narrative review was to describe morphological characteristics, physiological demands, physical abilities and injuries in female soccer players. Physiological demands are similar between men's and women's soccer, but competitive women's matches were characterized by nearly 33% less distance covered, although at higher intensity levels (maximum speeds greater than 15 km/h) than typically found in the men's game. Sub-elite female players also tended to run less at higher intensity levels at the end of both halves in comparison with elite female players. High intensity running is an important factor of success in soccer since many critical moments of the game occur under this condition. The ability to rapidly change direction also determined elite, sub-elite and amateur levels. The implementation of functional training, which focused on soccer-specific drills and plyometric exercises, to improve explosive power, may improve conditioning in female soccer players as well as decrease the risk of injuries which was 3-8 times higher in females compared to males. This review presents an in-depth overview of the most influential factors for determining success in female soccer.
女子足球的受欢迎程度以及参与足球运动的女性人数都在增加。同样，在过去二十多年里，足球领域的研究也显著增加，但涉及男女球员的研究数量存在很大差距。因此，与男性相比，女性球员仍未得到充分了解。本叙述性综述的目的是描述女子足球运动员的形态特征、生理需求、身体能力和伤病情况。男女足球的生理需求相似，但女子足球比赛的特点是跑动距离比男子比赛少近33%，尽管强度更高（最高速度大于15公里/小时），而男子比赛通常达不到这样的强度。与精英女子球员相比，非精英女子球员在下半场结束时在高强度水平下的跑动也较少。高强度奔跑是足球比赛成功的一个重要因素，因为比赛中的许多关键时刻都发生在这种情况下。快速改变方向的能力也决定了精英、非精英和业余水平。实施以足球专项训练和增强式练习为重点的功能训练，以提高爆发力，可能会改善女子足球运动员的身体状况，并降低受伤风险，女性受伤风险比男性高3至8倍。本综述深入概述了决定女子足球成功的最具影响力的因素。
