Adawi Mohammad, Bragazzi Nicola Luigi, Argumosa-Villar Lidia, Boada-Grau Joan, Vigil-Colet Andreu, Yildirim Caglar, Del Puente Giovanni, Watad Abdulla
Bar-Ilan Faculty of Medicine, Padeh and Ziv Hospitals, Zafat, Israel.
Department of Health Sciences, Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2018 Jan 22;6(1):e24. doi: 10.2196/mhealth.9186.
Nomophobia, which is a neologism derived from the combination of "no mobile," "phone," and "phobia" is considered to be a modern situational phobia and indicates a fear of feeling disconnected.
No psychometric scales are available in Italian for investigating such a construct. We therefore planned a translation and validation study of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), which is an instrument developed by Yildirim and Correia. Subjects were recruited via an online survey using a snowball approach.
The NMP-Q was translated from English into Italian using a classical "backwards and forwards" procedure. In order to explore the underlying factor structure of the translated questionnaire, an exploratory factor analysis was carried out. A principal component analysis approach with varimax rotation was performed. Multivariate regression analyses were computed to shed light on the psychological predictors of nomophobia.
A sample of 403 subjects volunteered to take part in the study. The average age of participants was 27.91 years (standard deviation 8.63) and the sample was comprised of 160 males (160/403, 39.7%) and 243 females (243/403, 60.3%). Forty-five subjects spent less than 1 hour on their mobile phone per day (45/403, 11.2%), 94 spent between 1 and 2 hours (94/403, 23.3%), 69 spent between 2 and 3 hours (69/403, 17.1%), 58 spent between 3 and 4 hours (58/403, 14.4%), 48 spent between 4 and 5 hours (48/403, 11.9%), 29 spent between 5 and 7 hours (29/403, 7.2%), 36 spent between 7 and 9 hours (36/403, 8.9%), and 24 spent more than 10 hours (24/403, 6.0%). The eigenvalues and scree plot supported a 3-factorial nature of the translated questionnaire. The NMP-Q showed an overall Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.95 (0.94, 0.89, and 0.88 for the three factors). The first factor explained up to 23.32% of the total variance, while the second and third factors explained up to 23.91% and 18.67% of the variance, respectively. The total NMP-Q score correlated with the number of hours spent on a mobile phone.
The Italian version of the NMP-Q proved to be reliable.
无手机恐惧症是一个新造词，由“无移动”“手机”和“恐惧症”组合而成，被视为一种现代情境恐惧症，指害怕与外界失去联系。
意大利语中尚无用于调查此类概念的心理测量量表。因此，我们计划对由耶尔德勒姆和科雷亚开发的无手机恐惧症问卷（NMP-Q）进行翻译和验证研究。通过在线调查采用滚雪球法招募受试者。
采用经典的“前后翻译”程序将NMP-Q从英语翻译成意大利语。为探索翻译后问卷的潜在因子结构，进行了探索性因子分析。采用主成分分析方法并进行方差最大化旋转。进行多元回归分析以阐明无手机恐惧症的心理预测因素。
403名受试者自愿参与该研究。参与者的平均年龄为27.91岁（标准差8.63），样本包括160名男性（160/403，39.7%）和243名女性（243/403，60.3%）。45名受试者每天使用手机时间少于1小时（45/403，11.2%），94名受试者使用1至2小时（94/403，23.3%），69名受试者使用2至3小时（69/403，17.1%），58名受试者使用3至4小时（58/403，14.4%），48名受试者使用4至5小时（48/403，11.9%），29名受试者使用5至7小时（29/403，7.2%），36名受试者使用7至9小时（36/403，8.9%），24名受试者使用超过10小时（24/403，6.0%）。特征值和碎石图支持翻译后问卷的三因子性质。NMP-Q的总体克朗巴哈α系数为0.95（三个因子分别为0.94、0.89和0.88）。第一个因子解释了总方差的23.32%，而第二个和第三个因子分别解释了23.91%和18.67%的方差。NMP-Q总分与使用手机的时长相关。
NMP-Q的意大利语版本被证明是可靠的。
