Auckenthaler R, Michéa-Hamzehpour M, Pechère J C
J Antimicrob Chemother. 1986 Apr;17 Suppl B:29-39. doi: 10.1093/jac/17.suppl_b.29.
Nalidixic and five newer 4-quinolones, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin were tested against 576 recent clinical aerobic bacterial isolates. The 4-quinolones were regularly active (MIC90 less than 4 mg/l) against the following bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, different Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus influenzae, Campylobacter jejuni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Agrobacter spp., Aeromonas spp., Plesiomonas spp., Neisseria meningitidis. Other bacteria were usually intermediately susceptible or resistant: different streptococci, Listeria monocytogenes, Nocardia asteroides, P. maltophilia, Achromobacter xylosoxydans and Alcaligenes denitrificans. Ciprofloxacin was the most potent compound, followed by ofloxacin and pefloxacin, norfloxacin and enoxacin being less active. All the 4-quinolones were much more active than nalidixic acid. The MBC/MIC ratios of the 4-quinolones were between 1 and 2 with a majority of strains, and between 2 and 3 with Streptococcus agalactiae, Str. faecalis and L. monocytogenes. A two- to eight-fold increase of MIC was observed by increasing the inoculum 10,000-fold with most of the strains tested. Susceptible bacterial population of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens and P. aeruginosa contained more clones resistant to nalidixic acid (10(4) to 10(8) at four times the MIC) than to 4-quinolones (10(5) to 10(9) at four times the MIC). Supplementing the media with MgSO4 produced smaller inhibition zone diameters with a disc diffusion method than those obtained with non-supplemented agar, with all quinolone or strains. Less regular effect, or no effect was obtained after supplementation with ZnSO4 or Ca(NO3)2.
对萘啶酸及5种新型4-喹诺酮类药物环丙沙星、依诺沙星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星和培氟沙星进行了针对576株近期临床分离需氧菌的测试。这5种4-喹诺酮类药物对下列细菌通常有活性（MIC90小于4mg/L）：金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、腐生葡萄球菌、不同的肠杆菌科细菌、流感嗜血杆菌、空肠弯曲菌、铜绿假单胞菌、土壤杆菌属、气单胞菌属、邻单胞菌属、脑膜炎奈瑟菌。其他细菌通常中度敏感或耐药：不同的链球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、星形诺卡菌、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌、木糖氧化无色杆菌和反硝化产碱菌。环丙沙星是最有效的化合物，其次是氧氟沙星和培氟沙星，诺氟沙星和依诺沙星活性稍低。所有5种4-喹诺酮类药物均比萘啶酸活性高得多。多数菌株的4-喹诺酮类药物的MBC/MIC比值在1至2之间，无乳链球菌、粪肠球菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌的比值在2至3之间。对大多数测试菌株，接种量增加10000倍时，MIC增加2至8倍。肺炎克雷伯菌、阴沟肠杆菌、粘质沙雷菌和铜绿假单胞菌的敏感菌群体中，对萘啶酸耐药的克隆（四倍MIC时为10⁴至10⁸）比4-喹诺酮类药物（四倍MIC时为10⁵至10⁹）更多。用纸片扩散法时，在培养基中添加硫酸镁比不添加琼脂时产生的抑菌圈直径更小，对所有喹诺酮类药物或菌株均如此。添加硫酸锌或硝酸钙后效果不太规律或无效果。
