Bravo Adrian J, Pearson Matthew R, Kelley Michelle L
Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, & Addictions, University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA.
Old Dominion University, Mills Godwin Building-Rm 250, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.
Mindfulness (N Y). 2018 Feb;9(1):258-270. doi: 10.1007/s12671-017-0771-5. Epub 2017 Jul 26.
Previous research on trait mindfulness facets using person-centered analyses (e.g., latent profile analysis [LPA]) has identified four distinct mindfulness profiles among college students: a high mindfulness group (high on all facets of the Five-Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire [FFMQ]), a judgmentally observing group (highest on observing, but low on non-judging of inner experience and acting with awareness), a non-judgmentally aware group (high on non-judging of inner experience and acting with awareness, but very low on observing), and a low mindfulness group (low on all facets of the FFMQ). In the present study, we used LPA to identify distinct mindfulness profiles in a community based sample of U.S. military personnel (majority veterans; = 407) and non-military college students ( = 310) and compare these profiles on symptoms of psychological health outcomes (e.g., suicidality, PTSD, anxiety, rumination) and percentage of participants exceeding clinically significant cut-offs for depressive symptoms, substance use, and alcohol use. In the subsample of college students, we replicated previous research and found four distinct mindfulness profiles; however, in the military subsample we found three distinct mindfulness profiles (a combined low mindfulness/judgmentally observing class). In both subsamples, we found that the most adaptive profile was the "high mindfulness" profile (i.e., demonstrated the lowest scores on all psychological symptoms and the lowest probability of exceeding clinical cut-offs). Based on these findings, we purport that the comprehensive examination of an individual's mindfulness profile could help clinicians tailor interventions/treatments that capitalize on individual's specific strengths and work to address their specific deficits.
先前使用以人为主的分析方法（如潜在剖面分析[LPA]）对特质正念维度的研究，已在大学生中识别出四种不同的正念类型：高正念组（在五因素正念问卷[FFMQ]的所有维度上得分都高）、评判性观察组（在观察维度上得分最高，但在内省不评判和有意识行动维度上得分低）、非评判性觉察组（在内省不评判和有意识行动维度上得分高，但在观察维度上得分很低）和低正念组（在FFMQ的所有维度上得分都低）。在本研究中，我们使用LPA在美国军事人员（大多数为退伍军人；n = 407）和非军事大学生（n = 310）的社区样本中识别不同的正念类型，并比较这些类型在心理健康结果症状（如自杀倾向、创伤后应激障碍、焦虑、反刍）以及超过抑郁症状、物质使用和酒精使用临床显著临界值的参与者百分比方面的差异。在大学生子样本中，我们重复了先前的研究，发现了四种不同的正念类型；然而，在军事子样本中，我们发现了三种不同的正念类型（一个低正念/评判性观察合并类别）。在两个子样本中，我们都发现最具适应性的类型是“高正念”类型（即，在所有心理症状上得分最低，超过临床临界值的可能性也最低）。基于这些发现，我们认为对个体正念类型进行全面检查可以帮助临床医生制定干预措施/治疗方案，利用个体的特定优势并努力解决其特定缺陷。
