Pearson Matthew R, Lawless Adrienne K, Brown David B, Bravo Adrian J
Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, & Addictions, University of New Mexico.
Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University.
Pers Individ Dif. 2015 Apr 1;76:33-38. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.11.009.
In non-meditating samples, distinct facets of mindfulness are found to be negatively correlated, preventing the meaningful creation of a total mindfulness score. The present study used person-centered analyses to distinguish subgroups of college students based on their mindfulness scores, which allows the examination of individuals who are high (or low) on all facets of mindfulness. Using the Lo-Mendell-Rubin Adjusted LRT test, we settled on a 4-class solution that included a high mindfulness group (high on all 5 facets, = 245), low mindfulness group (moderately low on all 5 facets, = 563), judgmentally observing group (high on observing, but low on non-judging and acting with awareness, =63), and non-judgmentally aware group (low on observing, but high on non-judging and acting with awareness, =70). Consistent across all emotional outcomes including depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms (i.e., worry), affective instability, and distress intolerance, we found that the judgmentally observing group had the most maladaptive emotional outcomes followed by the low mindfulness group. Both the high mindfulness group and the non-judgmentally aware group had the most adaptive emotional outcomes. We discuss the implications of person-centered analyses to exploring mindfulness as it relates to important psychological health outcomes.
在非冥想样本中，正念的不同维度被发现呈负相关，这使得无法有意义地创建一个总的正念得分。本研究采用以个体为中心的分析方法，根据大学生的正念得分来区分亚组，这使得能够考察在正念所有维度上得分高（或低）的个体。使用洛-门德尔-鲁宾调整后的似然比检验，我们确定了一个四类解决方案，其中包括一个高正念组（在所有五个维度上得分高，n = 245）、低正念组（在所有五个维度上中度低，n = 563）、评判性观察组（在观察维度上得分高，但在不评判和有意识行动维度上得分低，n = 63）和非评判性觉知组（在观察维度上得分低，但在不评判和有意识行动维度上得分高，n = 70）。在包括抑郁症状、焦虑症状（即担忧）、情感不稳定和痛苦不耐受在内的所有情绪结果中，我们发现评判性观察组的情绪结果最适应不良，其次是低正念组。高正念组和非评判性觉知组的情绪结果最具适应性。我们讨论了以个体为中心的分析对于探索与重要心理健康结果相关的正念的意义。
