Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018 Feb 20;18(1):69. doi: 10.1186/s12906-018-2117-9.
Spinacia oleracea is an important dietary vegetable in India and throughout the world and has many beneficial effects. It is cultivated globally. However, its effect on osteoarthritis that mainly targets the cartilage cells remains unknown. In this study we aimed to evaluate the anti-osteoarthritic and chondro-protective effects of SOE on chemically induced osteoarthritis (OA).
OA was induced by intra-patellar injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) at the knee joint in rats. SOE was then given orally at 250 and 500 mg.kg day doses for 28 days to these rats. Anti-osteoarthritic potential of SOE was evaluated by micro-CT, mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory and chondrogenic genes, clinically relevant biomarker's and behavioural experiments.
In vitro cell free and cell based assays indicated that SOE acts as a strong anti-oxidant and an anti-inflammatory agent. Histological analysis of knee joints at the end of the experiment by safranin-o and toluidine blue staining established its protective effect. Radiological data corroborated the findings with improvement in the joint space and irregularity of the articular and atrophied femoral condyles and tibial plateau. Micro-CT analysis of sub-chondral bone indicated that SOE had the ability to mitigate OA effects by increasing bone volume to tissue volume (BV/TV) which resulted in decrease of trabecular pattern factor (Tb.Pf) by more than 200%. SOE stimulated chondrogenic marker gene expression with reduction in pro-inflammatory markers. Purified compounds isolated from SOE exhibited increased Sox-9 and Col-II protein expression in articular chondrocytes. Serum and urine analysis indicated that SOE had the potential to down-regulate glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, clinical markers of osteoarthritis like cartilage oligometric matrix protein (COMP) and CTX-II. Overall, this led to a significant improvement in locomotion and balancing activity in rats as assessed by Open-field and Rota rod test.
On the basis of in vitro and in vivo experiments performed with Spinacea oleracea extract we can deduce that SOE has the ability to alleviate the MIA induced deleterious effects.
菠菜是印度和世界各地重要的膳食蔬菜，具有许多有益的作用。它在全球范围内种植。然而，它对主要针对软骨细胞的骨关节炎的影响尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们旨在评估 SOE 对化学诱导的骨关节炎 (OA) 的抗骨关节炎和软骨保护作用。
通过膝关节内注射单碘乙酸盐 (MIA) 在大鼠膝关节中诱导 OA。然后，将 SOE 以 250 和 500mg/kg/天的剂量口服给予这些大鼠 28 天。通过 micro-CT、促炎和软骨形成基因的 mRNA 和蛋白表达、临床相关生物标志物和行为实验评估 SOE 的抗骨关节炎潜力。
体外无细胞和基于细胞的测定表明，SOE 是一种强大的抗氧化剂和抗炎剂。实验结束时通过番红 O 和甲苯胺蓝染色对膝关节进行组织学分析，确立了其保护作用。放射学数据证实了这一发现，改善了关节间隙和关节不规则性以及萎缩的股骨髁和胫骨平台。软骨下骨的 micro-CT 分析表明，SOE 通过增加骨体积与组织体积 (BV/TV) 的比值具有减轻 OA 作用的能力，这导致骨小梁图案因子 (Tb.Pf) 降低超过 200%。SOE 刺激软骨形成标志物基因的表达，同时减少促炎标志物。从 SOE 中分离出的纯化化合物在关节软骨细胞中表现出 Sox-9 和 Col-II 蛋白表达增加。血清和尿液分析表明，SOE 具有下调谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶 (GST) 活性的潜力，GST 是软骨寡聚基质蛋白 (COMP) 和 CTX-II 等骨关节炎的临床标志物。总的来说，这导致大鼠在旷场和转棒测试中的运动和平衡活动有了显著改善。
基于对菠菜提取物进行的体外和体内实验，我们可以推断 SOE 具有减轻 MIA 诱导的有害作用的能力。
