Bessey Donata
East Asia International College, Yonsei University, Yonseidae-gil 1, Wonju, 220-710, South Korea.
Int J Health Econ Manag. 2018 Dec;18(4):437-456. doi: 10.1007/s10754-018-9236-1. Epub 2018 Feb 23.
This research note analyzes the relationship between experimentally elicited, incentivized economic preference parameters, personality traits, and three health behaviors: smoking, drinking, and physical activity. While there is a strand of economic research that uses proxy measures of risk and time preference that are not derived from an incentivized experiment and personality traits at the same time, and a considerably smaller one that uses experimentally elicited measures of risk and time preference only, the innovation of my work is to use experimentally elicited, incentivized preference measures and personality traits at the same time to explain a range of health behaviors. Findings presented in this paper suggest that personality traits seem to be more important determinants of health behaviors than economic preference parameters, and that Big Five personality traits, especially Agreeableness, seem to be more important determinants than the Grit score developed by Duckworth et al. (J Pers Soc Psychol 92(6):1087, 2007). When also controlling for a host of personality traits, risk preference is not related to the analyzed behaviors, but time preference is negatively related to smoking. When controlling for economic preferences and Big Five personality traits, the Grit score is unrelated to the analyzed health behaviors. Big Five openness is negatively related to the probability of engaging in physical activity, while Big Five agreeableness is negatively related to the probability of both drinking and binge drinking, but also to the probability of engaging in physical activity. Big Five neuroticism is negatively related to the probability of binge drinking.
本研究报告分析了实验诱导的、有激励措施的经济偏好参数、人格特质与三种健康行为（吸烟、饮酒和体育活动）之间的关系。虽然有一系列经济研究同时使用并非源自激励实验的风险和时间偏好代理指标以及人格特质，还有一小部分研究仅使用实验诱导的风险和时间偏好指标，但我这项研究的创新之处在于同时使用实验诱导的、有激励措施的偏好指标和人格特质来解释一系列健康行为。本文呈现的研究结果表明，人格特质似乎比经济偏好参数更能决定健康行为，而且大五人格特质，尤其是宜人性，似乎比达克沃思等人（《人格与社会心理学杂志》92(6):1087，2007年）提出的坚毅得分更能决定健康行为。在同时控制一系列人格特质时，风险偏好与所分析的行为无关，但时间偏好与吸烟呈负相关。在控制经济偏好和大五人格特质时，坚毅得分与所分析的健康行为无关。大五开放性与进行体育活动的可能性呈负相关，而大五宜人性与饮酒和暴饮的可能性均呈负相关，但也与进行体育活动的可能性呈负相关。大五神经质与暴饮的可能性呈负相关。
