Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, 103 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
Nutr J. 2018 Mar 7;17(1):37. doi: 10.1186/s12937-018-0345-y.
Nut consumption is known to reduce the risk of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. However, in previous studies, portion sizes and categories of nut consumption have varied, and few studies have assessed the association between colorectal cancer risk and nut consumption. In this study, we investigated the relationship between nut consumption and colorectal cancer risk.
A case-control study was conducted among 923 colorectal cancer patients and 1846 controls recruited from the National Cancer Center in Korea. Information on dietary intake was collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire with 106 items, including peanuts, pine nuts, and almonds (as 1 food item). Nut consumption was categorized as none, < 1 serving per week, 1-3 servings per week, and ≥3 servings per week. A binary logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between nut consumption and colorectal cancer risk, and a polytomous logistic regression model was used for sub-site analyses.
High nut consumption was strongly associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer among women (adjusted ORs: 0.30, 95%CI: 0.15-0.60 for the ≥3 servings per week group vs. none). A similar inverse association was observed for men (adjusted ORs: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.17-0.47). In sub-site analyses, adjusted ORs (95% CIs) comparing the ≥3 servings per week group vs none were 0.25 (0.09-0.70) for proximal colon cancer, 0.39 (0.19-0.80) for distal colon cancer, and 0.23 (0.12-0.46) for rectal cancer among men. An inverse association was also found among women for distal colon cancer (OR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.04-0.48) and rectal cancer (OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.17-0.95).
We found a statistically significant association between high frequency of nut consumption and reduced risk of colorectal cancer. This association was observed for all sub-sites of the colon and rectum among both men and women, with the exception of proximal colon cancer for women.
众所周知，坚果的摄入可降低肥胖、糖尿病和心血管疾病的风险。然而，在以往的研究中，坚果摄入量的份量和种类有所不同，且鲜有研究评估坚果摄入与结直肠癌风险之间的关联。本研究旨在调查坚果摄入与结直肠癌风险之间的关系。
本病例对照研究于韩国国家癌症中心招募了 923 例结直肠癌患者和 1846 例对照。采用包含 106 种食物的半定量食物频率问卷收集饮食摄入信息，其中包括花生、松子和杏仁（作为 1 种食物）。坚果摄入量分为无、<每周 1 份、每周 1-3 份和≥每周 3 份。采用二元逻辑回归模型估计坚果摄入与结直肠癌风险之间的比值比（OR）及其 95%置信区间（CI），采用多项逻辑回归模型进行亚部位分析。
在女性中，高坚果摄入量与结直肠癌风险降低显著相关（调整后的 OR：≥每周 3 份组 vs. 无摄入组为 0.30，95%CI：0.15-0.60）。在男性中也观察到类似的负相关关系（调整后的 OR：0.28，95%CI：0.17-0.47）。在亚部位分析中，与无摄入组相比，调整后的 OR（95%CI）比较≥每周 3 份组 vs. 无摄入组，男性近端结肠癌为 0.25（0.09-0.70）、远端结肠癌为 0.39（0.19-0.80）、直肠癌为 0.23（0.12-0.46）。女性中，远端结肠癌（OR：0.13，95%CI：0.04-0.48）和直肠癌（OR：0.40，95%CI：0.17-0.95）也存在负相关关系。
我们发现，高频率的坚果摄入与结直肠癌风险降低之间存在统计学显著关联。这种关联在男性和女性的所有结肠和直肠亚部位均观察到，除了女性的近端结肠癌。
