Departamento de Educación, Métodos de Investigación y Evaluación, Universidad Pontificia de Comillas, ICAI-ICADE, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28015, Spain.
Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
Nutrients. 2018 Mar 10;10(3):337. doi: 10.3390/nu10030337.
Nutritional supplements are popular among athletes to improve performance and physical recovery. Protein supplements fulfill this function by improving performance and increasing muscle mass; however, their effect on other organs or systems is less well known. Diet alterations can induce gut microbiota imbalance, with beneficial or deleterious consequences for the host. To test this, we performed a randomized pilot study in cross-country runners whose diets were complemented with a protein supplement (whey isolate and beef hydrolysate) ( = 12) or maltodextrin (control) ( = 12) for 10 weeks. Microbiota, water content, pH, ammonia, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed in fecal samples, whereas malondialdehyde levels (oxidative stress marker) were determined in plasma and urine. Fecal pH, water content, ammonia, and SCFA concentrations did not change, indicating that protein supplementation did not increase the presence of these fermentation-derived metabolites. Similarly, it had no impact on plasma or urine malondialdehyde levels; however, it increased the abundance of the phylum and decreased the presence of health-related taxa including , , and . Thus, long-term protein supplementation may have a negative impact on gut microbiota. Further research is needed to establish the impact of protein supplements on gut microbiota.
营养补充剂在运动员中很受欢迎，以提高表现和身体恢复。蛋白质补充剂通过提高表现和增加肌肉质量来发挥此功能；然而，它们对其他器官或系统的影响知之甚少。饮食改变会引起肠道微生物群落失衡，对宿主产生有益或有害的后果。为了检验这一点，我们在越野跑者中进行了一项随机试点研究，他们的饮食在 10 周内补充了蛋白质补充剂（乳清分离物和牛肉水解物）（n = 12）或麦芽糊精（对照）（n = 12）。分析粪便样本中的微生物群、水分含量、pH 值、氨和短链脂肪酸 (SCFA)，同时在血浆和尿液中测定丙二醛水平（氧化应激标志物）。粪便 pH 值、水分含量、氨和 SCFA 浓度没有变化，表明蛋白质补充剂不会增加这些发酵衍生代谢物的存在。同样，它对血浆或尿液丙二醛水平没有影响；然而，它增加了门的丰度，降低了与健康相关的分类群的存在，包括 、 和 。因此，长期蛋白质补充可能对肠道微生物群落产生负面影响。需要进一步研究以确定蛋白质补充剂对肠道微生物群落的影响。
