Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000, Evreux, France.
Semin Immunopathol. 2018 May;40(3):281-289. doi: 10.1007/s00281-018-0671-3. Epub 2018 Mar 16.
By its size and diversity, the cutaneous microbial flora is the second of the human body and there is a growing body of research showing its key role in cutaneous homeostasis. However, skin is also the first neuroendocrine organ and it is now demonstrated that bacteria can sense a multitude of human hormones and neurotransmitters. Then, besides of the intrinsic effect of their virulence factors on cutaneous neurogenic activity, recent data demonstrate that the virulence, invasion potential, and biofilm formation activity of some of the principal species of the cutaneous bacteria flora are directly controlled by neuropeptides released by sensory nerve endings including substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide. Other factors involved in skin inflammation, such as atrial natriuretic peptides, vasoactive intestinal peptide, neuropeptide Y, and histamine should also directly and indirectly participate to the control of the cutaneous microbial flora. Herein, we highlight some of the more recent studies showing that the skin bacteria are interfering at multiple levels with cutaneous neurogenic inflammation. Understanding this mechanism was leading to the development of new cosmetic products, but this is also a promising route for novel therapeutic strategies for the care of cutaneous inflammatory diseases.
从其大小和多样性来看，皮肤微生物菌群是人体的第二大菌群，越来越多的研究表明其在皮肤稳态中起着关键作用。然而，皮肤也是第一个神经内分泌器官，现在已经证明细菌可以感知多种人类激素和神经递质。此外，除了其毒力因子对皮肤神经原性活性的内在影响外，最近的数据还表明，一些主要皮肤细菌菌群的毒力、侵袭潜力和生物膜形成活性直接受到感觉神经末梢释放的神经肽的控制，包括 P 物质和降钙素基因相关肽。其他参与皮肤炎症的因素，如心钠肽、血管活性肠肽、神经肽 Y 和组胺，也应该直接和间接地参与对皮肤微生物菌群的控制。在此，我们强调了一些最新的研究，这些研究表明皮肤细菌在多个层面上干扰着皮肤神经原性炎症。了解这一机制导致了新型美容产品的开发，但这也是治疗皮肤炎症性疾病的新的有前途的治疗策略的一个途径。
