Foods for Health Institute and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; email:
Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2018 Mar 25;9:429-450. doi: 10.1146/annurev-food-030216-030207.
Human milk is a unique and complex fluid that provides infant nutrition and delivers an array of bioactive molecules that serve various functions. Glycans, abundant in milk, can be found as free oligosaccharides or as glycoconjugates. Milk glycans are increasingly linked to beneficial outcomes in neonates through protection from pathogens and modulation of the immune system. Indeed, these glycans influence the development of the infant and the infant-gut microbiota. Bifidobacterium species commonly are enriched in breastfed infants and are among a limited group of bacteria that readily consume human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and milk glycoconjugates. Given the importance of bifidobacteria in infant health, numerous studies have examined the molecular mechanisms they employ to consume HMOs and milk glycans, thus providing insight into this unique enrichment and shedding light on a range of translational opportunities to benefit at-risk infants.
母乳是一种独特而复杂的液体，可为婴儿提供营养，并输送多种具有不同功能的生物活性分子。在母乳中大量存在的糖缀合物，可以是游离的低聚糖，也可以是糖缀合物。通过抵御病原体和调节免疫系统，母乳中的聚糖与新生儿的有益结果越来越相关。事实上，这些糖缀合物会影响婴儿及其肠道微生物群的发育。双歧杆菌通常在母乳喂养的婴儿中丰富存在，并且是有限的能够轻易消耗人乳寡糖（HMO）和乳糖缀合物的细菌群之一。鉴于双歧杆菌在婴儿健康中的重要性，许多研究已经研究了它们用于消耗 HMO 和乳糖缀合物的分子机制，从而为这种独特的富集提供了深入的了解，并揭示了一系列对处于风险中的婴儿有益的转化机会。
