Kolangi Fatemeh, Memariani Zahra, Bozorgi Mahboubeh, Mozaffarpur Seyyed Ali, Mirzapour Mohaddeseh
School of Traditional Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Traditional Medicine & Medical History Research Center, Health Research Center, Department of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran.
Curr Drug Metab. 2018;19(7):628-637. doi: 10.2174/1389200219666180404095849.
The increased use of herbal remedies particularly in patients with kidney diseases indicated the importance of studies, which focused on nephrotoxic plants.
The present study aimed to review and assess the kidney-damaging herbs mentioned in the Persian medicine [PM] books.
The main PM books were searched for nephrotoxic herbs and their relevant reformers traditionally proposed for preventing renal damage. PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar were investigated for evaluation of the scientific evidence relating to the nephrotoxicity of herbs.
A total of 64 plants with kidney damage potential and their reformer medicaments were recorded in 7 sources included in this review. Allium schoenoprasum and Marrubium vulgare were the most repeated and emphasized nephrotoxic plants in PM books, but there was no relevant scientific evidence. Despite the lack of clinical studies, some evidence was found for 38% of plants that were related to renal damage. The most repeated reformers for reducing the renal side effects mainly consisted of gum tragacanth, gum Arabic, mastic gum, anise, jujube and honey and some evidence was found for their nephroprotective activities.
The present study reviewed and assessed the herbs with adverse renal effects in the main PM books. Some evidence was in line with the potential nephrotoxicity of plants and their .reformers. Despite the lack of clinical research for evaluation of their renal damage, the herbs may be focused in term of their nephrotoxicity; and there is a need for further studies on the scientific basis of their nephrotoxicity.
草药使用的增加，尤其是在肾病患者中，表明了专注于肾毒性植物研究的重要性。
本研究旨在回顾和评估波斯医学（PM）书籍中提及的具有肾损害作用的草药。
在主要的波斯医学书籍中搜索肾毒性草药及其传统上用于预防肾损害的相关改良剂。检索PubMed、Scopus和谷歌学术，以评估与草药肾毒性相关的科学证据。
本综述纳入的7个资料来源共记录了64种具有肾损害潜在风险的植物及其改良药物。葱和夏至草是波斯医学书籍中最常被提及且重点强调的肾毒性植物，但尚无相关科学证据。尽管缺乏临床研究，但发现38%的植物有与肾损害相关的一些证据。用于减轻肾脏副作用最常被提及的改良剂主要包括西黄蓍胶、阿拉伯胶、乳香、茴芹、枣和蜂蜜，并且发现了它们具有肾保护活性的一些证据。
本研究回顾和评估了主要波斯医学书籍中具有肾不良影响的草药。一些证据与植物及其改良剂的潜在肾毒性相符。尽管缺乏评估其肾损害的临床研究，但这些草药的肾毒性可能值得关注；并且有必要对其肾毒性的科学依据进行进一步研究。
