Nori Raffaella, Piccardi Laura, Maialetti Andrea, Goro Mirco, Rossetti Andrea, Argento Ornella, Guariglia Cecilia
Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Life, Health and Environmental Science Department L'Aquila University, L'Aquila, Italy.
Front Neurosci. 2018 Mar 28;12:204. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00204. eCollection 2018.
The present study has two-fold aims: to investigate whether gender differences persist even when more time is given to acquire spatial information; to assess the gender effect when the retrieval phase requires recalling the pathway from the same or a different reference perspective (egocentric or allocentric). Specifically, we analyse the performance of men and women while learning a path from a map or by observing an experimenter in a real environment. We then asked them to reproduce the learned path using the same reference system (map learning vs. map retrieval or real environment learning vs. real environment retrieval) or using a different reference system (map learning vs. real environment retrieval or vice versa). The results showed that gender differences were not present in the retrieval phase when women have the necessary time to acquire spatial information. Moreover, using the egocentric coordinates (both in the learning and retrieval phase) proved easier than the other conditions, whereas learning through allocentric coordinates and then retrieving the environmental information using egocentric coordinates proved to be the most difficult. Results showed that by manipulating familiarity, gender differences disappear, or are attenuated in all conditions.
调查即使给予更多时间来获取空间信息，性别差异是否仍然存在；评估当检索阶段需要从相同或不同的参考视角（自我中心或非自我中心）回忆路径时的性别效应。具体而言，我们分析男性和女性在从地图学习路径或在真实环境中观察实验者学习路径时的表现。然后，我们要求他们使用相同的参考系统（地图学习与地图检索或真实环境学习与真实环境检索）或使用不同的参考系统（地图学习与真实环境检索或反之亦然）来重现所学路径。结果表明，当女性有足够时间获取空间信息时，检索阶段不存在性别差异。此外，使用自我中心坐标（在学习和检索阶段）比其他条件更容易，而通过非自我中心坐标学习然后使用自我中心坐标检索环境信息被证明是最困难的。结果表明，通过操纵熟悉程度，性别差异在所有条件下都会消失或减弱。
