NICM Health Research Institute, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Schizophr Bull. 2018 Jun 6;44(4):728-736. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sby034.
Handgrip strength may provide an easily-administered marker of cognitive functional status. However, further population-scale research examining relationships between grip strength and cognitive performance across multiple domains is needed. Additionally, relationships between grip strength and cognitive functioning in people with schizophrenia, who frequently experience cognitive deficits, has yet to be explored.
Baseline data from the UK Biobank (2007-2010) was analyzed; including 475397 individuals from the general population, and 1162 individuals with schizophrenia. Linear mixed models and generalized linear mixed models were used to assess the relationship between grip strength and 5 cognitive domains (visual memory, reaction time, reasoning, prospective memory, and number memory), controlling for age, gender, bodyweight, education, and geographical region.
In the general population, maximal grip strength was positively and significantly related to visual memory (coefficient [coeff] = -0.1601, standard error [SE] = 0.003), reaction time (coeff = -0.0346, SE = 0.0004), reasoning (coeff = 0.2304, SE = 0.0079), number memory (coeff = 0.1616, SE = 0.0092), and prospective memory (coeff = 0.3486, SE = 0.0092: all P < .001). In the schizophrenia sample, grip strength was strongly related to visual memory (coeff = -0.155, SE = 0.042, P < .001) and reaction time (coeff = -0.049, SE = 0.009, P < .001), while prospective memory approached statistical significance (coeff = 0.233, SE = 0.132, P = .078), and no statistically significant association was found with number memory and reasoning (P > .1).
Grip strength is significantly associated with cognitive functioning in the general population and individuals with schizophrenia, particularly for working memory and processing speed. Future research should establish directionality, examine if grip strength also predicts functional and physical health outcomes in schizophrenia, and determine whether interventions which improve muscular strength impact on cognitive and real-world functioning.
握力可能提供认知功能状态的一种易于管理的标志物。然而，需要进一步在更大规模的人群中研究握力与多个认知领域的认知表现之间的关系。此外，握力与经常出现认知缺陷的精神分裂症患者的认知功能之间的关系尚未得到探索。
分析了英国生物库（2007-2010 年）的基线数据；包括来自普通人群的 475397 人和 1162 名精神分裂症患者。使用线性混合模型和广义线性混合模型来评估握力与 5 个认知领域（视觉记忆、反应时间、推理、前瞻性记忆和数字记忆）之间的关系，同时控制年龄、性别、体重、教育和地理位置。
在普通人群中，最大握力与视觉记忆（系数 [coeff] = -0.1601，标准误差 [SE] = 0.003）、反应时间（coeff = -0.0346，SE = 0.0004）、推理（coeff = 0.2304，SE = 0.0079）、数字记忆（coeff = 0.1616，SE = 0.0092）和前瞻性记忆（coeff = 0.3486，SE = 0.0092：均 P <.001）呈正相关。在精神分裂症样本中，握力与视觉记忆（coeff = -0.155，SE = 0.042，P <.001）和反应时间（coeff = -0.049，SE = 0.009，P <.001）密切相关，而前瞻性记忆接近统计学意义（coeff = 0.233，SE = 0.132，P =.078），与数字记忆和推理无统计学显著关联（P >.1）。
握力与普通人群和精神分裂症患者的认知功能显著相关，尤其是与工作记忆和处理速度相关。未来的研究应确定方向，研究握力是否也能预测精神分裂症的功能和身体健康结果，并确定改善肌肉力量的干预措施是否会对认知和现实世界的功能产生影响。
