Rodrigue Amanda L, Schaeffer David J, Pierce Jordan E, Clementz Brett A, McDowell Jennifer E
Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
Front Psychiatry. 2018 Apr 11;9:107. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00107. eCollection 2018.
Cognitive control impairments in schizophrenia (SZ) can be evaluated using antisaccade tasks and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Studies, however, often compare people with SZ to high performing healthy people, making it unclear if antisaccade-related disruptions are specific to the disease or due to generalized deficits in cognitive control. We included two healthy comparison groups in addition to people with SZ: healthy people with high cognitive control (HCC), who represent a more typical comparison group, and healthy people with low cognitive control (LCC), who perform similarly on antisaccade measures as people with SZ. Using two healthy comparison groups may help determine which antisaccade-related deficits are specific to SZ (distinguish SZ from LCC and HCC groups) and which are due to poor cognitive control (distinguish the LCC and SZ groups from the HCC group). People with SZ and healthy people with HCC or LCC performed an antisaccade task during fMRI acquisition. LCC and SZ groups showed under-activation of saccade circuitry. SZ-specific disruptions were observed in the left superior temporal gyrus and insula during error trials (suppression of activation in the SZ group compared to the LCC and HCC group). Differences related to antisaccade errors may distinguish people with SZ from healthy people with LCC.
精神分裂症（SZ）的认知控制障碍可以通过反扫视任务和功能磁共振成像（fMRI）进行评估。然而，以往研究常常将精神分裂症患者与表现优异的健康人进行比较，因此尚不清楚与反扫视相关的功能紊乱是该疾病所特有的，还是由于认知控制方面的普遍缺陷所致。除了精神分裂症患者，我们还纳入了两个健康对照组：认知控制能力高的健康人（HCC），他们代表了更典型的对照组；以及认知控制能力低的健康人（LCC），他们在反扫视测量中的表现与精神分裂症患者相似。使用两个健康对照组可能有助于确定哪些与反扫视相关的缺陷是精神分裂症所特有的（将精神分裂症患者与LCC组和HCC组区分开来），哪些是由于认知控制能力差所致（将LCC组和精神分裂症患者组与HCC组区分开来）。精神分裂症患者以及HCC或LCC健康人在fMRI扫描过程中执行了反扫视任务。LCC组和精神分裂症患者组的扫视回路激活不足。在错误试验期间，左侧颞上回和脑岛出现了精神分裂症特有的功能紊乱（与LCC组和HCC组相比，精神分裂症患者组的激活受到抑制）。与反扫视错误相关的差异可能有助于将精神分裂症患者与LCC健康人区分开来。
