ETH Zurich, Institute of Biochemistry, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, Zurich 8093, Switzerland.
J Mol Biol. 2018 Jun 22;430(13):1853-1862. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.03.034. Epub 2018 Apr 28.
Research over a period of more than half a century has provided a reasonably accurate picture of mechanisms involved in animal virus entry into their host cells. Successive steps in entry include binding to receptors, endocytosis, passage through one or more membranes, targeting to specific sites within the cell, and uncoating of the genome. For some viruses, the molecular interactions are known in great detail. However, as more viruses are analyzed, and as the focus shifts from tissue culture to in vivo experiments, it is evident that viruses display considerable redundancy and flexibility in receptor usage, endocytic mechanism, location of penetration, and uncoating mechanism. For many viruses, the picture is still elusive because the interactions that they engage in rely on sophisticated adaptation to complex cellular functions and defense mechanisms.
半个多世纪的研究为我们提供了一幅有关动物病毒进入宿主细胞机制的相当准确的画面。进入的连续步骤包括与受体结合、内吞作用、穿过一个或多个膜、靶向细胞内的特定部位以及基因组脱壳。对于一些病毒，分子相互作用的细节已经很清楚。然而，随着越来越多的病毒被分析，随着研究焦点从组织培养转移到体内实验，很明显，病毒在受体利用、内吞作用机制、穿透位置和脱壳机制方面表现出相当大的冗余和灵活性。对于许多病毒来说，由于它们所涉及的相互作用依赖于对复杂细胞功能和防御机制的巧妙适应，因此仍然难以捉摸。
