Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Arcadia Campus, P/Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Centre, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel.
Sci Rep. 2018 May 15;8(1):7564. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25961-0.
Biodegradation of hydrocarbons by indigenous populations of microorganisms found in petroleum-contaminated water sources represents one of the primary mechanisms by which petroleum and other hydrocarbon pollutants are eliminated from the aquatic environment. The identification of these microorganisms, which have capabilities to convert the majority of toxic hydrocarbons into compounds that are less harmful for end-users, is therefore crucial for bioremediation purposes. The aim of this study was to profile the microbial diversity of two South African petroleum-contaminated water aquifer sites and to determine the microbial adaptation to hydrocarbon degradation using a metagenomics approach. The sequenced samples revealed that protozoa (62.04%) were found to be the most dominant group, followed by fungi (24.49%), unknown (12.87%), and finally other sequences such as Animalia and plantae which were <(0.10%) domains in the first oil-polluted aquifer site. In the second site, protozoa (61.90%), unknown (16.51%), fungi (11.41%) in that order. According to the classification at the genus level, the dominant group was Naegleria (15.21%), followed by Vorticella (6.67%) as the only ciliated protozoan genus, other species such as Arabidopsis (2.97%), Asarum (1.84%) Populus (1.04%) were significantly low and drastically lower in the first site. Regarding the second site, the dominant group was Naegleria (18.29%) followed by Colpoda (9.86%) with the remainder of the genera representing <2%. Overall results demonstrated the ability of various groups of microorganisms to adapt and survive in petroleum oil-polluted water sites regardless of their respective distributions and this can be explored further for their role in bioremediation and environmental management.
在受石油污染的水源中发现的土著微生物种群对碳氢化合物的生物降解是石油和其他碳氢化合物污染物从水生环境中消除的主要机制之一。因此，确定这些微生物的身份对于生物修复目的至关重要，这些微生物具有将大多数有毒碳氢化合物转化为对最终用户危害较小的化合物的能力。本研究的目的是分析两个南非受石油污染的含水层中微生物的多样性，并使用宏基因组学方法确定微生物对碳氢化合物降解的适应能力。测序样本表明，原生动物（62.04%）是最主要的群体，其次是真菌（24.49%）、未知（12.87%），最后是其他序列，如动物界和植物界，在第一个受石油污染的含水层中，这些序列的丰度都<(0.10%)。在第二个地点，原生动物（61.90%）、未知（16.51%）、真菌（11.41%）。根据属分类，优势种群是奈氏虫（15.21%），其次是钟虫（6.67%），这是唯一的纤毛原生动物属，其他物种，如拟南芥（2.97%）、细辛（1.84%）、杨属（1.04%），在第一个地点显著较低，且大幅下降。关于第二个地点，优势种群是奈氏虫（18.29%），其次是胶须虫（9.86%），其余属的代表丰度<2%。总体结果表明，各种微生物群体有适应和在受石油污染的水域中生存的能力，无论它们的分布如何，这可以进一步探索它们在生物修复和环境管理中的作用。
