Adenuga Aderosoye, Mateus Ana, Ty Chhay, Borin Khieu, Holl Davun, San Sorn, Duggan Victoria, Clark Madeleine, Smith Gavin J D, Coker Richard, Vaughn Andrew, Rudge James W
Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.
Communicable Diseases Policy Research Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
Parasite Epidemiol Control. 2017 Nov 9;3(1):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.parepi.2017.10.003. eCollection 2018 Feb.
Taeniasis/cysticercosis, caused by the pork tapeworm , represents an important public health and economic burden in endemic countries. However, there is a paucity of data on infection among pigs in many parts of Southeast Asia, particularly Cambodia. We aimed to estimate seroprevalence of porcine cysticercosis, and investigate husbandary practices and knowledge of the disease among livestock workers, across different pig sector units in south-central Cambodia.
A cross sectional survey was conducted among pig smallholders, commercial farms, slaughterhouses and traders/middlemen from south-central Cambodia, selected through multistage sampling in proportion to local pig populations sizes. Questionnaires were administered to 163 pig workers to obtain data pig production, trading and slaughtering practices. Sera from 620 pigs were tested for antigens using a commercial ELISA-based test. Associations between seroprevalence and pig husbandry practices were assessed using generalised linear mixed models, adjusting for random-effects at herd-level.
Of 620 pigs sampled, 29 (4.7%) tested positive for antigens. Seropositivity was associated with type of pig sector unit ( = 0.008), with the highest seroprevalence among pigs sampled from traders/middlemen (16.7%; 95% CI: 4.4%-37.8%), smallholders (7.6%; 95% CI: 3.8%-14.1%) and slaughterhouses (4.1%; 95% CI: 2.0%-7.5%), while none of the pigs sampled from small/medium or large commercial farms tested positive. Although the vast majority of pigs were penned, practices that might facilitate human-to-pig transmission, such as use of household waste and surface water sources to feed pigs, were prevalent among smallholders. However these were not found to be significantly associated with infection. Of 163 interviewed pig workers, 115 (70.5%) were aware of porcine cysticercosis, and 78 (47.8%) also knew it could affect humans. Twenty-six (16.0%) reported having noticed lesions typical of cysticercosis in their pigs.
Despite most pigs being kept confined in pens rather than raised in free-roaming systems, porcine cysticercosis appears to be endemic in south-central Cambodia and is associated with smallholder production. Further investigation is needed to identify which species are causing infections among pigs, and how seroprevalence and zoonotic risk may vary across the country, to understand the risks to public health and assess where interventions might be needed.
由猪肉绦虫引起的猪带绦虫病/囊尾蚴病在流行国家构成了重大的公共卫生和经济负担。然而，东南亚许多地区，尤其是柬埔寨，关于猪感染情况的数据匮乏。我们旨在估计柬埔寨中南部不同养猪部门单位的猪囊尾蚴病血清阳性率，并调查养殖户的养殖方式以及他们对该病的了解情况。
在柬埔寨中南部，按照当地猪群规模比例进行多阶段抽样，对养猪小农户、商业养殖场、屠宰场以及贸易商/中间商开展了一项横断面调查。向163名养猪工人发放问卷，以获取有关猪生产、交易和屠宰方式的数据。使用基于酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）的商业检测方法，对620头猪的血清进行抗原检测。采用广义线性混合模型评估血清阳性率与养猪方式之间的关联，并对畜群水平的随机效应进行校正。
在抽样的620头猪中，29头（4.7%）抗原检测呈阳性。血清阳性与养猪部门单位类型有关（P = 0.008），从贸易商/中间商处抽样的猪血清阳性率最高（16.7%；95%置信区间：4.4% - 37.8%），小农户的猪（7.6%；95%置信区间：3.8% - 14.1%）和屠宰场的猪（4.1%；95%置信区间：2.0% - 7.5%）次之，而从中小型或大型商业养殖场抽样的猪均未检测出阳性。尽管绝大多数猪是圈养的，但小农户中普遍存在一些可能促进人猪传播的做法，比如使用生活垃圾和地表水来喂猪。然而，这些做法与感染并无显著关联。在接受访谈的163名养猪工人中，115人（70.5%）知晓猪囊尾蚴病，78人（47.8%）还知道该病会感染人类。26人（16.0%）报告称在他们的猪身上注意到了囊尾蚴病的典型病变。
尽管大多数猪是圈养而非自由放养，但猪囊尾蚴病在柬埔寨中南部似乎呈地方性流行，且与小农户养殖方式有关。需要进一步调查以确定哪些物种导致猪感染，以及全国范围内血清阳性率和人畜共患病风险如何变化，从而了解对公共卫生的风险，并评估可能需要采取干预措施的地点。
