Huber Katharina J, Overmann Jörg
Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany.
Braunschweig University of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2018 Jul;68(7):2331-2334. doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002841. Epub 2018 May 29.
Acidobacteria constitute a globally widespread phylum and mainly inhabit soil environments. Despite their high abundance and activity, only 60 species from seven of the 26 acidobacterial subdivisions (sds; corresponding to class level) are (validly) described. Thus, only a low number of higher taxonomic ranks is currently distinguished within the Acidobacteria. Additionally, the distribution of the known acidobacterial species within the described families of the Acidobacteriaceae (sd1), Bryobacteraceae (sd3), Blastocatellaceae (sd4), Pyrinomonadaceae (sd4), Holophagaceae (sd8) and Acanthopleuribacteraceae (sd8) is extremely biased as most strains are affiliated with the Acidobacteriaceae. Members of this family are characteristic for acidic soils. In contrast, culture-independent analysis of microbial communities worldwide revealed that sd6 Acidobacteria prevail in soils with neutral pH. To improve the existing acidobacterial taxonomy, we here formally describe the first family within sd6 Acidobacteria, the Vicinamibacteraceae. Members of the Vicinamibacteraceae are aerobic, neutrophilic, psychrotolerant to mesophilic chemoheterotrophs. Their cells stain Gram-negative, do not form capsules or spores, and are non-motile. They occur as single cells or in aggregates and divide by binary fission. Growth occurs on sugars or complex proteinaceous compounds. MK-8 is the major quinone. Major fatty acids are iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω7c or ω9c, iso-C17 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol are the major polar lipids. Unidentified glycolipids or unknown phospholipids might also be present. The G+C content of the DNA ranges from 64.7 to 65.9 mol%. Within the Vicinamibacteraceae fam. nov., Vicinamibacter and Luteitalea are the only genera described so far.
酸杆菌门是一个广泛分布于全球的菌门，主要栖息于土壤环境。尽管它们数量众多且活性高，但在26个酸杆菌亚类（相当于纲级）中，目前仅有来自7个亚类的60个物种得到了（有效）描述。因此，目前在酸杆菌门中区分出的高级分类等级数量较少。此外，已知酸杆菌物种在酸杆菌科（亚类1）、苔藓杆菌科（亚类3）、芽生球菌科（亚类4）、吡啉单胞菌科（亚类4）、全噬菌科（亚类8）和棘鳞杆菌科（亚类8）等已描述科中的分布极为不均，因为大多数菌株都隶属于酸杆菌科。该科成员是酸性土壤的特征菌。相比之下，对全球微生物群落的非培养分析表明，亚类6酸杆菌在中性pH值的土壤中占主导地位。为完善现有的酸杆菌分类法，我们在此正式描述亚类6酸杆菌中的首个科——邻胺杆菌科。邻胺杆菌科成员为需氧、嗜中性、耐冷至嗜温的化能异养菌。它们的细胞革兰氏染色阴性，不形成荚膜或芽孢，无运动性。它们以单细胞或聚集体形式存在，通过二分裂进行繁殖。在糖类或复杂蛋白质化合物上生长。MK-8是主要醌类。主要脂肪酸为异-C15 : 0、总和特征3（C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c）、C18 : 1ω7c或ω9c、异-C17 : 1ω9c、C16 : 0和异-C17 : 0。双磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰甘油是主要极性脂质。也可能存在未鉴定的糖脂或未知磷脂。DNA的G+C含量范围为64.7至65.9摩尔%。在邻胺杆菌科新科中，邻胺杆菌属和黄褐菌属是目前仅有的已描述属。
