Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; email:
Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, USA.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2018 Aug 25;56:161-180. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-045946. Epub 2018 Jun 1.
Antibiotics have been used for the management of relatively few bacterial plant diseases and are largely restricted to high-value fruit crops because of the expense involved. Antibiotic resistance in plant-pathogenic bacteria has become a problem in pathosystems where these antibiotics have been used for many years. Where the genetic basis for resistance has been examined, antibiotic resistance in plant pathogens has most often evolved through the acquisition of a resistance determinant via horizontal gene transfer. For example, the strAB streptomycin-resistance genes occur in Erwinia amylovora, Pseudomonas syringae, and Xanthomonas campestris, and these genes have presumably been acquired from nonpathogenic epiphytic bacteria colocated on plant hosts under antibiotic selection. We currently lack knowledge of the effect of the microbiome of commensal organisms on the potential of plant pathogens to evolve antibiotic resistance. Such knowledge is critical to the development of robust resistance management strategies to ensure the safe and effective continued use of antibiotics in the management of critically important diseases.
抗生素被用于管理为数相对较少的细菌性植物病害，由于涉及费用问题，抗生素在很大程度上仅限于高价值的水果作物。在这些抗生素已使用多年的病理系统中，植物病原菌的抗生素耐药性已成为一个问题。在已检查抗性遗传基础的情况下，植物病原菌的抗生素耐药性通常是通过水平基因转移获得抗性决定因素而进化的。例如，链霉素抗性基因 strAB 存在于 Erwinia amylovora、Pseudomonas syringae 和 Xanthomonas campestris 中，这些基因可能是从与植物宿主共位的非致病性生境细菌中获得的，这些细菌在抗生素选择下存在于植物宿主上。我们目前缺乏有关共生生物微生物组对植物病原菌进化抗生素耐药性的潜力的认识。这种知识对于制定强大的耐药性管理策略至关重要，以确保在管理至关重要的疾病时安全有效地继续使用抗生素。
