Layer-by-layer nanocoating of antibacterial niosome on orthopedic implant.

The major clinical hindrance of orthopedic implants is the bacterial infection, which can lead to biofilm formation and ultimately results in implant rejection. In this research, layer-by-layer nanocoating consists of vancomycin/PLA/vancomycin-loaded niosomes was designed. Vancomycin-loaded niosomes were formulated by thin film hydration method and the attributes of niosomes in terms of size, zeta potential, drug loading and EE, were assessed. The size was 340.5 ± 2.95 nm with the zeta potential and %EE was 45.4 ± 0.77 mV and 50.47 ± 3.66% respectively. The dip coating technique was used to deposit a thin film, which was characterized morphologically under FE-SEM. Drug release from coated bone plates with and without vancomycin-loaded niosomes was also studied and results suggested that bone plates coated with vancomycin-loaded niosomes have accumulated more vancomycin than the control group and hence aided in the prolonged release up to two weeks. These niosomes-coated bone plates demonstrated superior antibacterial activity for longer time period, without exhibiting any cytotoxic effects towards normal cells (L929). These findings offer a promising approach to control the bacterial colonization and biofilms formation. This thin film nano-coating can also be utilized in coating of other medical devices, which are prone to infections.