Department of Dentistry, CEUMA University, Sao Luis, Maranhao, Brazil.
Department of Immunology and Microbiology of Respiratory Tract Infections, Post-Graduate Program in Parasite Biology, CEUMA University, Sao Luis, Maranhao, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2018 Jun 5;13(6):e0198697. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198697. eCollection 2018.
Despite their demonstrated biocompatibility and osteogenic properties, oyster shells have been reported as a potential alternative to other commonly used materials for bone substitution. This study evaluated whether an experimental bone substitute (EBS) made from a typical oyster shell of Northeastern Brazil (Crassostrea rhizophora) has effects on bone development using an animal model. Oysters were collected from a biologically assisted vivarium, and their inner layer was used for preparing an EBS. Chemical and surface characterization of EBS was performed using Individually Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), respectively. Seventy-two rats were randomly assigned to groups according to the treatment of bone defects created in the submandibular area: Negative Control (-C), Positive Control (+C; Bio-Oss®) and EBS. Euthanasia occurred at 7, 21, 42 and 56 days postoperatively. The bone pieces were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The formation of bone tissue was evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically. Data were analyzed through the Kruskal-Wallis test and ANOVA considering a significant level of 5%. The main element found in EBS was calcium (71.68%), and it presented heterogeneity in the particle size and a porosity aspect at SEM analysis. Histological results revealed the absence of inflammatory cells in all groups, being that EBS presented the most accelerated process of bone formation with a statistically significant difference between this group and the +C and -C groups in the 21-day time-point (p < 0.05). After 21 days, the bone formation process was similar between all groups (p > 0.05), showing an immature lamellar bone pattern after 56 days of experimentation (p > 0.05). Within the limitations of this study, it was possible to conclude that EBS presented good biocompatibility and promoted fast stimulation for bone-forming cells in an animal model.
尽管牡蛎壳具有已证实的生物相容性和成骨特性，但已报道称，它是一种潜在的替代其他常用骨替代材料的选择。本研究使用动物模型评估了一种由巴西东北部典型牡蛎壳（Crassostrea rhizophora）制成的实验性骨替代物（EBS）对骨发育的影响。从生物辅助养殖箱中收集牡蛎，并用其内层制备 EBS。使用单独耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分别对 EBS 的化学和表面特性进行了表征。72 只大鼠随机分为 4 组，根据在下颌区域创建的骨缺损进行治疗：阴性对照（-C）、阳性对照（+C；Bio-Oss®）和 EBS。术后第 7、21、42 和 56 天进行安乐死。将骨块用苏木精和伊红（H&E）染色。通过组织学和组织形态计量学评估骨组织的形成。通过 Kruskal-Wallis 检验和方差分析（ANOVA）对数据进行分析，考虑到 5%的显著性水平。EBS 中的主要元素是钙（71.68%），SEM 分析显示其颗粒尺寸和孔隙度方面存在异质性。组织学结果显示所有组均无炎症细胞，EBS 组具有最加速的骨形成过程，与+C 和-C 组在第 21 天时间点（p<0.05）存在统计学差异。21 天后，所有组的骨形成过程相似（p>0.05），实验 56 天后呈现出不成熟的板层骨模式（p>0.05）。在本研究的限制范围内，可以得出结论，EBS 具有良好的生物相容性，并在动物模型中快速刺激成骨细胞。
