Luz Carlos, Cordovil Rita, Almeida Gabriela, Rodrigues Luis P
Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1495-688 Lisboa, Portugal.
Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1549-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
Sports (Basel). 2017 Jun 15;5(2):41. doi: 10.3390/sports5020041.
This study examined motor competence (MC) behavior in 6- to 14-year-old children, and investigated the differences in health-related fitness (HRF) between high and low MC groups, according to sex and age. A sample of 564 children (288 males) participated in this study, divided into three age groups (6⁻8 years; 9⁻11 years; 12⁻14 years). Total MC and its three components (stability, locomotor, and manipulative) were assessed with a quantitative instrument. HRF was evaluated using a maximal multistage 20-m shuttle-run test and the handgrip test. Participants were divided into tertiles according to their MC level and high and low MC groups were analyzed. Overall, MC increased across age groups for both sexes, but boys presented better results than girls. The high MC group outperformed their low MC peers in all HRF variables, independent of their age group. Although cardiovascular fitness increased with age for both the high and low MC groups, the differences between these groups were greater in older children compared to younger children, within the study age range. The findings suggest that MC interventions should be considered as an important strategy to enhance HRF, and girls at a young age should be a priority target.
本研究考察了6至14岁儿童的运动能力（MC）行为，并根据性别和年龄调查了高MC组和低MC组在健康相关体能（HRF）方面的差异。564名儿童（288名男性）参与了本研究，分为三个年龄组（6至8岁；9至11岁；12至14岁）。使用定量仪器评估总MC及其三个组成部分（稳定性、移动性和操控性）。使用最大多级20米穿梭跑测试和握力测试评估HRF。参与者根据其MC水平分为三分位数，并对高MC组和低MC组进行分析。总体而言，男女各年龄组的MC均有所增加，但男孩的成绩优于女孩。高MC组在所有HRF变量上的表现均优于低MC组同龄人，与年龄组无关。尽管高MC组和低MC组的心血管适能均随年龄增长，但在研究年龄范围内，年龄较大儿童的两组之间差异大于年龄较小儿童。研究结果表明，应将MC干预视为提高HRF的重要策略，年幼女孩应作为优先目标。
