Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Departments of Pathology and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Nat Methods. 2018 Jul;15(7):491-498. doi: 10.1038/s41592-018-0015-1. Epub 2018 Jun 18.
The mechanical properties of cells influence their cellular and subcellular functions, including cell adhesion, migration, polarization, and differentiation, as well as organelle organization and trafficking inside the cytoplasm. Yet reported values of cell stiffness and viscosity vary substantially, which suggests differences in how the results of different methods are obtained or analyzed by different groups. To address this issue and illustrate the complementarity of certain approaches, here we present, analyze, and critically compare measurements obtained by means of some of the most widely used methods for cell mechanics: atomic force microscopy, magnetic twisting cytometry, particle-tracking microrheology, parallel-plate rheometry, cell monolayer rheology, and optical stretching. These measurements highlight how elastic and viscous moduli of MCF-7 breast cancer cells can vary 1,000-fold and 100-fold, respectively. We discuss the sources of these variations, including the level of applied mechanical stress, the rate of deformation, the geometry of the probe, the location probed in the cell, and the extracellular microenvironment.
细胞的力学特性影响其细胞和亚细胞功能,包括细胞黏附、迁移、极化和分化,以及细胞质内细胞器的组织和运输。然而,已有报道的细胞硬度和黏度值差异很大,这表明不同组获得或分析不同方法结果的方式存在差异。为了解决这个问题并说明某些方法的互补性,我们在这里展示、分析并批判性地比较了通过一些最广泛使用的细胞力学方法获得的测量值:原子力显微镜、磁扭转细胞术、粒子追踪微流变学、平行板流变仪、细胞单层流变仪和光学拉伸。这些测量值突出显示 MCF-7 乳腺癌细胞的弹性和黏性模量分别可以变化 1000 倍和 100 倍。我们讨论了这些变化的来源,包括施加的机械应力水平、变形率、探针的几何形状、细胞中探测的位置和细胞外微环境。