Jain Abhishek, Li Xin Hui, Chen Wei Ning
Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
AMB Express. 2018 Jun 23;8(1):104. doi: 10.1186/s13568-018-0632-1.
The interaction between diet and gut microbiota, and ultimately their link to health, has turned into the concentration of huge research. However, this relationship still needs to be fully characterized, particularly in case of the Asian population. We compared the fecal bacterial diversity and composition of healthy Indian and Chinese adults, ages 22-35 years, using next-generation sequencing analysis on IlluminaHiSeq 2500 platform. Our analysis revealed unique community structure, dominant Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and underrepresented Bacteroides, of Indian and Chinese gut bacteria. This community structure closely matched with the gut bacterial composition of the Russian population. Therefore, we hypothesized that enrichment of these bacterial clades is supported by high consumption of starch-rich diet such as rice, potato, refined grains. The dominance of genus Bifidobacterium due to carbohydrate-rich diet is another notable feature of this study. Moreover, Indian gut bacteria are significantly represented by Bacteroidetes (p = 0.001) and Prevotella (p = 0.002) in contrast to Chinese, which could be associated with whole grains and plant-based vegetarian diet of Indians. The gut bacterial population of Indian adults were as diverse as Chinese adults (p > 0.1), but significant difference was noticed in gut bacterial composition and relative abundance between two populations (R = 0.625, p < 0.005). Partial least squares discriminant analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling plots showed dietary habit wise clustering of subjects. Thus, the present work confirms an important role of diet in determining gut bacterial composition. LEfse analysis revealed genera Prevotella, Megasphaera, Catenibacterium, Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus and species Prevotella copri, Lactobacillus ruminis as the potential biomarkers of diet.
饮食与肠道微生物群之间的相互作用以及最终它们与健康的联系，已成为大量研究的焦点。然而，这种关系仍有待全面描述，尤其是在亚洲人群中。我们使用IlluminaHiSeq 2500平台上的新一代测序分析，比较了22至35岁健康印度和中国成年人的粪便细菌多样性和组成。我们的分析揭示了印度和中国肠道细菌独特的群落结构、优势菌厚壁菌门、放线菌门以及代表性不足的拟杆菌门。这种群落结构与俄罗斯人群的肠道细菌组成密切匹配。因此，我们推测这些细菌类群的富集是由富含淀粉的饮食（如大米、土豆、精制谷物）的高摄入量所支持的。富含碳水化合物的饮食导致双歧杆菌属占主导地位是本研究的另一个显著特征。此外，与中国人相比，印度人的肠道细菌中拟杆菌门（p = 0.001）和普雷沃氏菌属（p = 0.002）的占比显著更高，这可能与印度人的全谷物和植物性素食饮食有关。印度成年人的肠道细菌种群与中国成年人一样多样（p > 0.1），但两个群体之间的肠道细菌组成和相对丰度存在显著差异（R = 0.625，p < = 0.005）。偏最小二乘判别分析和非度量多维标度图显示了受试者按饮食习惯的聚类。因此，本研究证实了饮食在决定肠道细菌组成方面的重要作用。线性判别分析效应大小（LEfse）分析揭示了普雷沃氏菌属、巨球形菌属、链状杆菌属、乳杆菌属、瘤胃球菌属以及普雷沃氏菌科里亚种、瘤胃乳杆菌种作为饮食的潜在生物标志物。
