Santoro Chiara, Martínez-Ferrer Belén, Monreal Gimeno Carmen, Musitu Gonzalo
Department of Education and Social Psychology, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2018 Jun 12;9:946. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00946. eCollection 2018.
Dating violence is a huge transcultural and alarming phenomenon, directly linked with endless discrimination against women. The latest research on dating violence in adolescence shows how dating violence is persistent and common in the adolescent period as well and pinpoints the origin of gender violence from first adolescent relationships. This element takes us to considerate how recent gender violence studies and policies, increased also thanks to international efforts on this issue, are not bringing expected results, especially among young people. This mini-review aims to analyze the main characteristics of current gender studies and policies on dating violence, focusing on percentages with a woman-centered approach, which stresses the consequences of gender violence. Other gender studies, that consider gender as a relational product, stress the importance of integrating the analysis of gender models as a key instrument to understand the main causes of dating violence, providing new elements to develop effective policies against dating violence. Indeed, gender models of femininity and masculinity are based on a binary system, which is also a reciprocal recognition and identity system: gender models define female and male characteristics, roles, stereotypes, and expectation, being complementary and foreclosing at the same time. Recent studies on gender relationships, especially among the youth, allows us to propose a new dialog between dating violence studies and gender model studies, underling the need of a complete and complex understanding of gender structure, and of its tensions and contradictions, to put an end to gender and dating violence, through effective programs.
约会暴力是一个严重的跨文化且令人担忧的现象，与对女性的无尽歧视直接相关。关于青少年约会暴力的最新研究表明，约会暴力在青少年时期也持续存在且普遍存在，并指出了性别暴力在青少年初恋关系中的根源。这一因素促使我们思考，尽管由于国际社会在这个问题上的努力，近期的性别暴力研究和政策有所增加，但并未带来预期的效果，尤其是在年轻人当中。本综述旨在分析当前关于约会暴力的性别研究和政策的主要特征，重点关注以女性为中心的方法所涉及的百分比，这种方法强调性别暴力的后果。其他将性别视为一种关系产物的性别研究则强调，将性别模式分析作为理解约会暴力主要原因的关键工具具有重要意义，为制定有效的反约会暴力政策提供了新的要素。事实上，女性气质和男性气质的性别模式基于一种二元体系，这也是一个相互认可和身份认同体系：性别模式定义了女性和男性的特征、角色、刻板印象和期望，同时具有互补性和排他性。近期关于性别关系的研究，尤其是在年轻人当中的研究，使我们能够在约会暴力研究和性别模式研究之间展开新的对话，强调需要全面、复杂地理解性别结构及其紧张关系和矛盾，以便通过有效的项目消除性别暴力和约会暴力。
